Search Results

Author: Ahituv, Avner
Resulting in 11 citations.
1. Ahituv, Avner
Hotz, V. Joseph
Philipson, Tomas
The Responsiveness of the Demand for Condoms to the Local Prevalence of AIDS
Journal of Human Resources 31,4 (Fall 1996): 869-897.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/146150
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Keyword(s): Contraception; Epidemiology; Residence; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior

This paper investigates the degree to which the local prevalence of AIDS increases the demand for disease-preventing methods of contraception among young adults. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-1979), we find substantial evidence that the use of condoms was quite responsive to the prevalence of AIDS in one's state of residence and this responsiveness has been increasing over time. We present both cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence estimating that a 1 percent increase in the prevalence of AIDS increases the propensity to use a condom significantly and up to 50 percent for the most prevalence-responsive groups. Our findings tend support to the existence of a self-limiting incentive effect of epidemics--an effect that tends to be ignored in epidemiological theories of the spread of infectious diseases. [Copyright Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System 1996]
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner, V. Joseph Hotz and Tomas Philipson. "The Responsiveness of the Demand for Condoms to the Local Prevalence of AIDS." Journal of Human Resources 31,4 (Fall 1996): 869-897.
2. Ahituv, Avner
Kamenecka, Paulette
Gender and Ethnic Differences in School Departure Does Youth Employment Promote or Undermine Educational Attainment?
Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, May 1996
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Employment, Youth; Ethnic Differences; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Labor Market Outcomes; Life Course; School Dropouts

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The transition from school to work activities is a defining feature in the life course of adolescent men and women. To better understand this transition, we explore patterns of school departure among white, black and Hispanic male and female youth using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). In particular, we document race, ethnic and gender differences in the timing of school departure and labor market entry as well as the consequences of adolescent labor market experience force employment outcomes during early adulthood. From these patterns, we determine the conditions under which adolescent employment may precipitate early school withdrawal.
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Paulette Kamenecka. "Gender and Ethnic Differences in School Departure Does Youth Employment Promote or Undermine Educational Attainment?" Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, May 1996.
3. Ahituv, Avner
Lerman, Robert I.
How Do Marital Status, Work Effort, and Wage Rates Interact?
Demography 44,3 (August 2007): 623-647.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/hh5267335207k735/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Earnings; Labor Market Outcomes; Marital Status; Marriage; Wage Rates

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

How marital status interacts with men's earnings is an important analytic and policy issue, especially in the context of debates in the United States over programs that encourage healthy marriage. This paper generates new findings about the earnings-marriage relationship by estimating the linkages among flows into and out of marriage, work effort, and wage rates. The estimates are based on National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panel data, covering 23 years of marital and labor market outcomes, and control for unobserved heterogeneity. We estimate marriage effects on hours worked (our proxy for work effort) and on wage rates for all men and for black and low-skilled men separately. The estimates reveal that entering marriage raises hours worked quickly and substantially but that marriage's effect on wage rates takes place more slowly while men continue in marriage. Together, the stimulus to hours worked and wage rates generates an 18%-19% increase in earnings, with about one-third to one-half of the marriage earnings premium attributable to higher work effort. At the same time, higher wage rates and hours worked encourage men to marry and to stay married. Thus, being married and having high earnings reinforce each other over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Robert I. Lerman. "How Do Marital Status, Work Effort, and Wage Rates Interact?" Demography 44,3 (August 2007): 623-647.
4. Ahituv, Avner
Lerman, Robert I.
Job Stability, Earnings, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related?
Presented: Boston, MA, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2004
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Earnings; Job Turnover; Life Course; Male Sample; Marriage

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study examines the interactions between job stability, earnings, and marital instability. We analyze the sequence of jobs, marriages, divorces, and remarriages among young men and ask: 1) Do job stability, high wages, and the career advancement of young men promote marriage and marital stability? 2) What are the consequences of marriage and marital stability for achieving high levels of job stability and occupational success? We use a Dynamic Selection Control model to estimate how young men make sequential choices about work and family. The maximum likelihood (ML) approach takes account of self-selection, simultaneity and heterogeneity. The data come from the 1979-1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). The initial results show causal impacts in both directions: job stability promotes higher earnings and marital stability, while marital stability increases job stability and earnings. Simulation results showing impacts of economic shocks on pathways will appear in the revised paper.
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Robert I. Lerman. "Job Stability, Earnings, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related?" Presented: Boston, MA, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2004.
5. Ahituv, Avner
Lerman, Robert I.
Job Turnover, Wage Rates, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related?
Working Paper, Urban Institute, Washington DC, November 2004.
Also: http://www.urban.org/publications/411148.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Urban Institute
Keyword(s): Employment; Job Patterns; Marital Instability; Marital Status; Wage Rates

This study examines the interplay between job stability, wage rates, and marital instability. We use a Dynamic Selection Control model in which young men make sequential choices about work and family. Our empirical estimates derived from the model account for self-selection, simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The results capture how job stability affects earnings, how both affect marital status, and how marital status affects earnings and job stability. The study reveals robust evidence that job instability lowers wages and the likelihood of getting and remaining married. At the same time, marriage raises wages and job stability. To project the sequential effects linking job stability, marital status, and earnings, we simulate the impacts of shocks that raise preferences for marriage and that increase education. Feedback effects cause the simulated wage gains from marriage to cumulate over time, indicating that long-run marriage wage premiums exceed conventional short-run estimates.
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Robert I. Lerman. "Job Turnover, Wage Rates, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related?" Working Paper, Urban Institute, Washington DC, November 2004.
6. Ahituv, Avner
Lerman, Robert I.
Job Turnover, Wage Rates, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related?
Review of Economics of the Household 9,2 (June 2011): 221-249.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r5x6v43k45102h8q/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Employment; Job Turnover; Marital Stability; Marriage; Wage Rates

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study examines the interplay between job stability, wage rates, and marital stability. We use a Dynamic Selection Control model in which young men make sequential choices about work and family and estimate the model using an approach that takes account of self-selection, simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The results quantify how job stability affects wage rates, how both affect marital status, and how marital status affects earnings and job stability. The study reveals robust evidence that job changes lower wages and the likelihood of getting married and remaining married. At the same time, marriage raises wage rates and job stability. To project the sequential effects linking job change, marital status, and earnings, we simulate the impacts of shocks that raise preferences for marriage and that increase education. Feedback effects cause the simulated wage gains from marriage to cumulate over time, indicating that long-run marriage wage premiums exceed conventional short-run estimates.
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Robert I. Lerman. "Job Turnover, Wage Rates, and Marital Stability: How Are They Related? ." Review of Economics of the Household 9,2 (June 2011): 221-249.
7. Ahituv, Avner
Tienda, Marta
Employment, Motherhood, and School Continuation Decisions of Young White, Black, and Hispanic Women
Journal of Labor Economics 22,1 (January 2004): 115-158.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/380405
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Black Studies; Education; Employment; Employment, Youth; Endogeneity; Ethnic Differences; Ethnic Groups; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Ethnic Studies; Hispanic Studies; Hispanics; Life Cycle Research; Minorities; Motherhood; Parenthood; Racial Differences; Schooling; Women; Women's Education; Women's Studies

We examine the empirical relationship between early employment activity and school continuation decisions for young American women using a dynamic, sequential discrete-choice framework that estimates schooling, labor supply, and birth decisions jointly, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and the endogeneity of these life cycle decisions. That the rate of school withdrawal increases as work intensity rises helps explain the higher departure rates of Hispanic girls from secondary school and the premature departure of young black women from college. The disturbing implication is that youth employment induces long-run wage stagnation for early school leavers and potentially increases race and ethnic inequities.
Bibliography Citation
Ahituv, Avner and Marta Tienda. "Employment, Motherhood, and School Continuation Decisions of Young White, Black, and Hispanic Women." Journal of Labor Economics 22,1 (January 2004): 115-158.
8. Hotz, V. Joseph
Xu, Lixin Colin
Tienda, Marta
Ahituv, Avner
Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?
JCPR Working Paper 101, Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago, July 1999.
Also: http://www.jcpr.org/wp/WPprofile.cfm?ID=101
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Joint Center for Poverty Research
Keyword(s): Heterogeneity; High School; Schooling; Selectivity Bias/Selection Bias; Wage Growth; Wages, Young Men; Work Experience

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper examines the impacts of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men's wage rates during the 1980s and 1990s. Previous studies have found evidence of sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while enrolled in school, especially high school, on subsequent wage growth. Such findings may represent causal effects of having acquired work experience while still enrolled in school, but they may also be the result of failure to fully account for individual differences in young adults' capacities to acquire such skills and be productive in the work force later in life. We reexamine the robustness of previous attempts to control for unobserved heterogeneity and selectivity. We explore more general methods for dealing with dynamic forms of selection by explicitly modeling the educational and work choices of young men from age 13 through their late twenties. Using data on young men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, (NLSY79), we find that the estimated returns to working while in high school or college are dramatically diminished in magnitude and statistical significance when one uses these dynamic selection methods. As such, our results indicate a decided lack of robustness to the inference about the effects of working while in school that has been drawn from previous work.
Bibliography Citation
Hotz, V. Joseph, Lixin Colin Xu, Marta Tienda and Avner Ahituv. "Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?" JCPR Working Paper 101, Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago, July 1999.
9. Hotz, V. Joseph
Xu, Lixin Colin
Tienda, Marta
Ahituv, Avner
Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?
NBER Working Paper No. 7289, National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1999.
Also: http://papers.nber.org/papers/W7289
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Keyword(s): Heterogeneity; High School; Schooling; Selectivity Bias/Selection Bias; Wage Growth; Wages, Young Men; Work Experience

This paper examines the impacts of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men's wage rates during the 1980s and 1990s. Previous studies have found evidence of sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while enrolled in school, especially high school, on subsequent wage growth. Such findings may represent causal effects of having acquired work experience while still enrolled in school, but they may also be the result of failure to fully account for individual differences in young adults' capacities to acquire such skills and be productive in the work force later in life. We re-examine the robustness of previous attempts to control for unobserved heterogeneity and selectivity. We explore more general methods for dealing with dynamic forms of selection by explicitly modeling the educational and work choices of young men from age 13 through their late twenties. Using data on young men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), we find that the estimated returns to working while in high school or college are dramatically diminished in magnitude and statistical significance when one uses these dynamic selection methods. As such, our results indicate a decided lack of robustness to the inference about the effects of working while in school that has been drawn from previous work.
Bibliography Citation
Hotz, V. Joseph, Lixin Colin Xu, Marta Tienda and Avner Ahituv. "Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?" NBER Working Paper No. 7289, National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1999.
10. Hotz, V. Joseph
Xu, Lixin Colin
Tienda, Marta
Ahituv, Avner
Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?
Review of Economics and Statistics 84,2 (May 2002): 221-236.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3211773
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Keyword(s): Height; High School; Part-Time Work; Wage Rates; Wages, Youth; Work Experience

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper examines the effects of work experience acquired while youth were in high school (and college) on young men's wage rates. Previous studies have found sizeable and persistent rates of return to working while enrolled in school, especially high school, on subsequent wage growth. The extent to which these estimates represent causal effects by assessing the robustness of prior findings to controls for unobserved heterogeneity and sample selectivity are evaluated. More-general econometric methods for dealing with the dynamic of selection and apply them to data on young men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) are explored. It is found that the estimated returns to working while in high school or college are dramatically diminished in magnitude and are not statistically significant when one applies dynamic selection methods.
Bibliography Citation
Hotz, V. Joseph, Lixin Colin Xu, Marta Tienda and Avner Ahituv. "Are There Returns to the Wages of Young Men from Working While in School?" Review of Economics and Statistics 84,2 (May 2002): 221-236.
11. Tienda, Marta
Hotz, V. Joseph
Ahituv, Avner
Frost, Michelle Bellessa
Employment and Wage Prospects of Black, White, and Hispanic Women
In: Human Resource Economics and Public Policy: Essays in Honor of Vernon M. Briggs, Jr. C.J. Whalen, ed. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2010: 129-160
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Keyword(s): Employment, Youth; Endogeneity; Ethnic Differences; Ethnic Groups; Geocoded Data; Hispanic Studies; Human Capital; Life Cycle Research; Minorities; Motherhood; Racial Differences; Schooling; Transition, School to Work; Wages

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This chapter addresses several questions about young women's employment and wage prospects in the context of the school-to-work transition.
Bibliography Citation
Tienda, Marta, V. Joseph Hotz, Avner Ahituv and Michelle Bellessa Frost. "Employment and Wage Prospects of Black, White, and Hispanic Women" In: Human Resource Economics and Public Policy: Essays in Honor of Vernon M. Briggs, Jr. C.J. Whalen, ed. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2010: 129-160