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Author: Aizer, Anna

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1.	Aizer, Anna
1.	Home Alone: Maternal Employment, Child Care and Adolescent Behavior Working Paper 807, University of California - Los Angeles, October 2001. Also: http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp807.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Care; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Injuries; Labor Market Outcomes; Maternal Employment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As female participation in the labor force continues to grow in the US, so too does reliance on non-parental child care. However, the high cost of child care has impeded the ability of many working mothers to find sufficient child care for their children. As a result, as recently as 1998 over eight million children ages five to fourteen spent time without adult supervision on a regular basis in the US. I examine the effect of the lack of adult supervision after school on panel of school-age children using ordinary least squares and fixed effect estimation. I find that children with adult supervision are less likely to skip school, use alcohol or marijuana, steal something or hurt someone. These findings suggest that expanding after school or child care programs typically geared to preschool age children to accommodate more school age children may have important consequences for their human capital development and labor market outcomes later in life....The information on adolescent behavior and adult supervision is gathered as part of the child/young adult questionnaire of the NLSY administered every other year from 1986-1998. Questions in the survey with respect to supervision and adolescent behavior(skipping school, getting drunk/high, stealing something, and hurting someone badly) refer to the period one year prior to the date of interview. Data on accidents are available for children of all ages and are gathered from the child's mother.
	Bibliography Citation Aizer, Anna. "Home Alone: Maternal Employment, Child Care and Adolescent Behavior." Working Paper 807, University of California - Los Angeles, October 2001.

2.	Aizer, Anna
2.	Home Alone: Supervision After School and Child Behavior Journal of Public Economics 88, 9-10 ( August, 2004): 1835-1848. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272703000227 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Care; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Maternal Employment As female participation in the labor force continues to grow in the US, so too does reliance on non-parental child care. However, the high cost of child care has impeded the ability of many working mothers to find sufficient child care for their children. As a result, as recently as 1998 over eight million children ages five to fourteen spent time without adult supervision on a regular basis in the US. I examine the effect of the lack of adult supervision after school on panel of school-age children using ordinary least squares and fixed effect estimation. I find that children with adult supervision are less likely to skip school, use alcohol or marijuana, steal something or hurt someone. These findings suggest that expanding after school or child care programs typically geared to preschool age children to accommodate more school age children may have important consequences for their human capital development and labor market outcomes later in life.
	Bibliography Citation Aizer, Anna. "Home Alone: Supervision After School and Child Behavior." Journal of Public Economics 88, 9-10 ( August, 2004): 1835-1848.

3.	Aizer, Anna McLanahan, Sara S.
3.	The Impact of Child Support Enforcement on Fertility, Parental Investments, and Child Well-being The Journal of Human Resources 41,1 (Winter 2006): 28-45. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40057256 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press Keyword(s): Births, Repeat / Spacing; Child Support; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Fatherhood; Fathers; Fertility; Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study; State-Level Data/Policy Increasing the probability of paying child support, in addition to increasing resources available for investment in children, also may alter the incentives faced by men to have children out of wedlock. We find that strengthening child support enforcement leads men to have fewer out-of-wedlock births and among those who do become fathers, to do so with more educated women and those with a higher propensity to invest in children. Thus, policies that compel men to pay child support may affect child outcomes through two pathways: an increase in financial resources and a birth selection process.
	Bibliography Citation Aizer, Anna and Sara S. McLanahan. "The Impact of Child Support Enforcement on Fertility, Parental Investments, and Child Well-being." The Journal of Human Resources 41,1 (Winter 2006): 28-45.

4.	Aizer, Anna McLanahan, Sara S.
4.	The Impact of Child Support on Fertility, Parental Investments and Child Well-Being Working Paper, Department of Economics, Brown University, April 2004 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, Brown University Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Child Support; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Fathers, Absence; Fertility Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In the first part of this paper we discuss the incentives generated by stricter child support enforcement policies, how they affect the fertility of single women, and how they change the average underlying characteristics of single mothers. The discussion incorporates the interaction between state policies of stricter child support enforcement and the major public program serving single women with children: the AFDC program. We predict that under certain assumptions, increasing the probability that fathers will be required to pay child support results in 1) fewer children born to mothers who are most likely to use AFDC, and 2) more births to women with a higher underlying propensity to invest in children. In the second part of this paper we use multiple datasets to provide empirical support for the two predictions of the model and we employ an identification strategy that enables us to isolate this particular mechanism empirically. First, we use annual data on state expenditures for child support enforcement and on natality for the period 1985-1994 to estimate the impact of increasing the probability that fathers will have to pay child support on non-marital child bearing and maternal investments in children born outside marriage. We find that more stringent child support enforcement results in fewer births, especially among less educated single women, and conditional on education, a greater use of early prenatal care (a measure of the underlying propensity to invest in children) both of which suggest positive selection on mother quality....We also estimate a duration model of time to first birth for a cohort of young women of child-bearing age from the NLSY79 and find that single mothers in states with stricter child support enforcement delay the time until first birth.
	Bibliography Citation Aizer, Anna and Sara S. McLanahan. "The Impact of Child Support on Fertility, Parental Investments and Child Well-Being." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Brown University, April 2004.

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