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Author: Borghans, Lex

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1.	Borghans, Lex Golsteyn, Bart H.H.
1.	Job Mobility in Europe, Japan and the United States British Journal of Industrial Relations 50,3 (September 2012): 436-456. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2011.00848.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Careers after Higher Education: a European Research Study (CHEERS); College Graduates; Cross-national Analysis; Germany, German; Japan; Japanese; Labor Market Studies, Geographic; Sweden, Swedish Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Evidence about job mobility outside the United States is scarce and difficult to compare cross-nationally because of non-uniform data. We document job mobility patterns of college graduates in their first three years in the labour market, using unique uniform data covering 11 European countries and Japan. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we replicate the information in this survey to compare the results with the United States. We find that (a) US graduates hold more jobs than European graduates, (b) contrasting conventional wisdom, job mobility in Japan is only somewhat lower than the European average, and (c) there are large differences in job mobility within Europe.
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex and Bart H.H. Golsteyn. "Job Mobility in Europe, Japan and the United States." British Journal of Industrial Relations 50,3 (September 2012): 436-456.

2.	Borghans, Lex Golsteyn, Bart H.H.
2.	Job Mobility in Europe, Japan and the United States IZA Discussion Paper No 5386, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), December 2010. Also: http://www.politiquessociales.net/IMG/pdf/n2_dp5386.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Britain, British; British Household Panel Survey (BHPS); Careers after Higher Education: a European Research Study (CHEERS); College Graduates; Cross-national Analysis; France, French; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Germany, German; Norway, Norwegian; Sweden, Swedish Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Evidence about job mobility outside the U.S. is scarce and difficult to compare crossnationally because of non-uniform data. We document job mobility patterns of college graduates in their first three years in the labor market, using unique uniform data covering 11 European countries and Japan. Using the NLSY, we replicate the information in this survey to compare the results to the U.S. We find that (1) U.S. graduates hold more jobs than European graduates. (2) Contrasting conventional wisdom, job mobility in Japan is only somewhat lower than the European average. (3) There are large differences in job mobility within Europe. Keywords: job mobility, graduates, Europe, Japan, U.S.
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex and Bart H.H. Golsteyn. "Job Mobility in Europe, Japan and the United States." IZA Discussion Paper No 5386, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), December 2010.

3.	Borghans, Lex Golsteyn, Bart H.H. Heckman, James J. Humphries, John Eric
3.	Identification Problems in Personality Psychology Personality and Individual Differences 51,3 (August 2011): 315-320: Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886911001504 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Achievement; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Cross-national Analysis; I.Q.; Intelligence Tests; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control) This paper discusses and illustrates identification problems in personality psychology. The measures used by psychologists to infer traits are based on behaviors, broadly defined. These behaviors are produced from multiple traits interacting with incentives in situations. In general, measures are determined by these multiple traits and do not identify any particular trait unless incentives and other traits are controlled for. Using two data sets, we show, that substantial portions of the variance in achievement test scores and grades, which are often used as measures of cognition, are explained by personality variables.
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex, Bart H.H. Golsteyn, James J. Heckman and John Eric Humphries. "Identification Problems in Personality Psychology ." Personality and Individual Differences 51,3 (August 2011): 315-320:.

4.	Borghans, Lex Golsteyn, Bart H.H. Heckman, James J. Humphries, John Eric
4.	What Grades and Achievement Tests Measure IZA Discussion Paper No. 10356, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), November 2016. Also: http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=10356 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); British Cohort Study (BCS); CESD (Depression Scale); Cross-national Analysis; Grade Point Average (GPA)/Grades; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; I.Q.; Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Voting Behavior Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Intelligence quotient (IQ), grades, and scores on achievement tests are widely used as measures of cognition, yet the correlations among them are far from perfect. This paper uses a variety of data sets to show that personality and IQ predict grades and scores on achievement tests. Personality is relatively more important in predicting grades than scores on achievement tests. IQ is relatively more important in predicting scores on achievement tests. Personality is generally more predictive than IQ of a variety of important life outcomes. Both grades and achievement tests are substantially better predictors of important life outcomes than IQ. The reason is that both capture personality traits that have independent predictive power beyond that of IQ.
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex, Bart H.H. Golsteyn, James J. Heckman and John Eric Humphries. "What Grades and Achievement Tests Measure." IZA Discussion Paper No. 10356, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), November 2016.

5.	Borghans, Lex Ter Weel, Bas Weinberg, Bruce A.
5.	People People Working Paper, Maastricht University, July 2004. Also: http://meritbbs.unimaas.nl/staff/bas/publications/english/pp.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology Keyword(s): Fertility; Hispanics; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. There are many indicators that interpersonal interactions are important for understanding individual outcomes and are becoming more important. Yet, empirical work suggests that thereturns to people skills have remained low and people people have not progressed to the top of the job hierarchy. This paper develops a unified model to understand the role of people skills in the labor market, including task assignment and wages. We model interactions between people, letting individuals feel social pressure to help others, and affect the amount of social pressure experienced by others. We assume that people are heterogeneous with respect to caring and that jobs are heterogeneous with respect to the importance of caring. Consistent with our model, we find that as people skills become more important, the women's share of an occupation increases, but the employment shares of blacks, Hispanics, immigrants, and people with poor English decrease. We also show in an assignment context that within caring jobs, the importance of caring is positively rewarded but that overall labor demand and supply may lead to a negative effect of being caring on wages. We present evidence that computers, team production and innovative work practices, complement people skills. Lastly, we present evidence that people people volunteer
	Bibliography Citation Borghans, Lex, Bas Ter Weel and Bruce A. Weinberg. "People People." Working Paper, Maastricht University, July 2004.

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