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Author: Bouffard, Leana Allen

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1.	Bouffard, Leana Allen
1.	The Military as a Bridging Environment in Criminal Careers: Differential Outcomes of the Military Experience Armed Forces and Society 31,2 (Winter 2005): 273-295. Also: http://afs.sagepub.com/content/31/2/273.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society Keyword(s): Behavior, Violent; Black Studies; Crime; Military Service; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Little research has examined the relationship between military service and criminal behavior, and what few studies exist have included a basic comparison of a group of men with military service and a group without service. This strategy fails to consider how the military experience may differ for different individuals. This study examines whether the relationship between military service and criminal behavior depends on sociodemographic characteristics. Results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggest that, during the first few years of the all-volunteer force, some groups do appear to become involved in more violent offending after entering the military. On the other hand, military service may reduce the risk of violence for some groups, such as African Americans, Thus, the influence of military service on later offending does appear to depend on individual characteristics. In addition, this was a unique time in military history, and results may vary by historical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Bouffard, Leana Allen. "The Military as a Bridging Environment in Criminal Careers: Differential Outcomes of the Military Experience." Armed Forces and Society 31,2 (Winter 2005): 273-295.

2.	Bouffard, Leana Allen Koeppel, Maria D.H.
2.	Sex Differences in the Health Risk Behavior Outcomes of Childhood Bullying Victimization Victims and Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice 12,4 (2017): 549-565. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15564886.2015.1118420 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Bullying/Victimization; Drug Use; Gender Differences; Sexual Activity; Smoking (see Cigarette Use) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Short- and long-term health consequences of bullying victimization are well documented and include physical and mental health issues as well as increased involvement in risky behavior, but research exploring sex differences in victimization outcomes is still limited. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—1997 to examine the consequences of victimization by sex and, more specifically, relationships between bullying victimization and later health risk behaviors—including risky sexual activity, smoking, alcohol use, and drug use. Multivariate analyses identified sex differences for specific health risk indicators, and a substantial difference was evident for overall risk.
	Bibliography Citation Bouffard, Leana Allen and Maria D.H. Koeppel. "Sex Differences in the Health Risk Behavior Outcomes of Childhood Bullying Victimization." Victims and Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice 12,4 (2017): 549-565.

3.	Bouffard, Leana Allen Koeppel, Maria D.H.
3.	Understanding the Potential Long-term Physical and Mental Health Consequences of Early Experiences of Victimization Justice Quarterly 31,3 (May 2014): 568-587. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418825.2012.734843#.U1UcAxDD_YY Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Keyword(s): Bullying/Victimization; Health Care; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Victimization in the USA is a substantial concern, despite a trend of decreasing crime rates. Victims of crime face a number of short-term consequences such as physical injury, fear and anxiety, and/or loss of property. Long-term consequences of victimization, however, may often be overlooked. Using the first six waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, the current study examines the relationship between early experiences of victimization and long-term physical and mental health outcomes, including general health, access to and use of health care, and health risk behaviors. Results find that individuals who are victimized before the age of 12, especially those who experienced repeated bullying, are more susceptible to a number of physical and mental health issues such as negative perceptions of physical and mental health, smoking, subsequent victimization experiences, and homelessness. Public health concerns and policy implications of these findings are also discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Bouffard, Leana Allen and Maria D.H. Koeppel. "Understanding the Potential Long-term Physical and Mental Health Consequences of Early Experiences of Victimization." Justice Quarterly 31,3 (May 2014): 568-587.

4.	Koeppel, Maria D.H. Bouffard, Leana Allen
4.	The Long-Term Health Consequences of Bullying Victimization Research Brief, Crime Victims' Institute, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, September 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Sam Houston State University Keyword(s): Bullying/Victimization; Health Care; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This research brief provides a summary of results from a recent study designed to examine the relationship between bullying and physical and mental health, health care access and utilization, and health risk behaviors.
	Bibliography Citation Koeppel, Maria D.H. and Leana Allen Bouffard. "The Long-Term Health Consequences of Bullying Victimization." Research Brief, Crime Victims' Institute, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, September 2012.

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