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Author: Chatterji, Pinka

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1.	Chatterji, Pinka
1.	Effects of Adolescent Substance Use on Educational Attainment, Adult Substance Use, and the Adult Wage Rate Ph.D. Dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, 1998 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Drug Use; Educational Attainment; Endogeneity; Health Factors; Modeling, Multilevel; Modeling, Probit; Substance Use; Variables, Instrumental; Wages, Adult The objective of the dissertation is to use three samples from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to explore the causal relationship between adolescent use of alcohol and illicit drugs and the following subsequent outcomes: (1) educational attainment; (2) adult binge drinking, marijuana use and cocaine use; and (3) the adult hourly wage. A recursive, four-equation empirical model is developed and estimated using a variety of methods to account for possible endogeneity problems in the substance use measures. The relationship between adolescent substance use and educational attainment is estimated using benchmark ordinary least squares models, two stage instrumental variables methods, bivariate probits, and sibling difference models. The adult substance use models are estimated using benchmark probits, benchmark tobits, and two stage instrumental variables methods involving limited dependent variables. Finally, the wage equation is estimated using benchmark log-linear models and two stage instrumental variable Heckman models. These results indicate that the prevention of adolescent drug use may prevent a range of important, future economic costs associated with negative adult outcomes. Benchmark results indicate that adolescent substance use has a negative impact on educational attainment and a positive effect on adult substance use. After accounting for endogeneity, adolescent substance use has a strong, positive effect on some forms of adult substance use, and adult binge drinking has a significant, negative impact on wages. Surprisingly, when endogeneity is addressed, adolescent substance use no longer has a consistent, negative effect on schooling. All the results provide evidence that parental alcoholism has a strong, positive effect on adolescent substance use and a strong, negative effect on educational attainment. The dissertation findings indicate that substance use prevention programs may prevent future economic costs. Furthermore, the importance of parental alcoholism in the dissertation results supports the idea that substance abuse preventive interventions should be aimed at families in addition to individual adolescents.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka. Effects of Adolescent Substance Use on Educational Attainment, Adult Substance Use, and the Adult Wage Rate. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, 1998.

2.	Chatterji, Pinka
2.	What Determines Adolescent Demand For Alcohol and Marijuana? A Comparison of Findings from the NLSY79 and the NLSY97 In: Social Awakening: Adolescent Behavior as Adulthood Approaches. R.T. Michael, ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001: pp. 299-338 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Drug Use; Gender Differences; Substance Use Chapter: Analyzed, compared, and contrasted the determinants of adolescent alcohol and drug use using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Cohort and 1997 Cohort (NLSY79 and NLSY97, respectively). The final sample size from the NLSY79 analyses was 9,366 Ss; the final sample size from the NLSY97 analyses was 8,445 Ss. Results from the NLSY79 and NLSY97 models consistently indicate that demographic characteristics are important determinants of initiating alcohol and marijuana use before age 17 and engaging in frequent marijuana use before age 17. Girls were more likely than boys to report any alcohol or marijuana use. The effects of prices and policies on adolescent substance use are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved):
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka. "What Determines Adolescent Demand For Alcohol and Marijuana? A Comparison of Findings from the NLSY79 and the NLSY97" In: Social Awakening: Adolescent Behavior as Adulthood Approaches. R.T. Michael, ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001: pp. 299-338

3.	Chatterji, Pinka Bonuck, Karen Dhawan, Simi Deb, Nandini
3.	WIC Participation and the Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding Discussion Paper No. 1246-02, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison, February 2002. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/irp/pubs/dp124602.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP), University of Wisconsin - Madison Keyword(s): Breastfeeding; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Poverty; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The objective of this paper is to measure the effect of participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) after the birth of a child on one important health behavior, the initiation and persistence of breastfeeding. The study is based on linked data on mothers and children from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Baseline, two-stage least squares, and fixed-effects model estimates show a negative effect of WIC participation on some forms of breastfeeding. The findings demonstrate that the WIC program faces a difficult challenge in encouraging low-income mothers to breastfeed while also providing needed infant formula to formula-fed infants.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka, Karen Bonuck, Simi Dhawan and Nandini Deb. "WIC Participation and the Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding." Discussion Paper No. 1246-02, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison, February 2002.

4.	Chatterji, Pinka Desimone, Jeffrey Scott
4.	Adolescent Drinking and High School Dropout NBER Working Paper No. 11337, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005. Also: http://papers.nber.org/papers/W11337 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Educational Attainment; High School Dropouts; Human Capital; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Modeling; Mothers, Behavior; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Variables, Instrumental This paper estimates the effect of binge and frequent drinking by adolescents on subsequent high school dropout using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Young Adults. We estimate an instrumental variables model with an indicator of any past month alcohol use, which is by definition correlated with heavy drinking but should have minimal additional impact on educational outcomes, as the identifying instrument, and also control for a rich set of potentially confounding variables, including maternal characteristics and dropout risk factors measured before and during adolescence. In comparison, OLS provides conservative estimates of the causal impact of heavy drinking on dropping out, implying that binge or frequent drinking among 15 - 16 year old students lowers the probability of having graduated or being enrolled in high school four years later by at least 11 percent. Overidentification tests using two measures of maternal youthful alcohol use as additional instruments support our identification strategy.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka and Jeffrey Scott Desimone. "Adolescent Drinking and High School Dropout." NBER Working Paper No. 11337, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005.

5.	Chatterji, Pinka Frick, Kevin D.
5.	Does Returning to Work After Childbirth Affect Breastfeeding Practices? NBER Working Paper No. 9630, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2003. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9630.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Breastfeeding; Health Factors; Maternal Employment; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Modeling, Probit; Work Reentry Although the Surgeon General recently highlighted breastfeeding as '......one of the most important contributors to infant health,' few health economics studies based in developed countries have considered breastfeeding as an important health behavior that can be influenced by labor market decisions and by public policies. This study examines the effect of the timing and intensity of returning to work after childbirth on the probability of initiating breastfeeding and the number of weeks of breastfeeding. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). Baseline probit models and family-level fixed effects models indicate that returning to work within 3 months is associated with a reduction in the probability that the mother will initiate breastfeeding by 16-18%. Among those mothers who initiate breastfeeding, returning to work within 3 months is associated with a reduction in the length of breastfeeding of 4-6 weeks. We find less consistent evidence that working at least 35 hours per week (among mothers who return to work within 3 months) detracts from breastfeeding. Baseline and fixed effects models indicate that returning to full-time work is associated with a reduction in the length of breastfeeding of 1-4 weeks; however, we do not find consistent evidence regarding the association between returning to full-time work and breastfeeding initiation. Overall, the findings suggest that maternal employment is negatively associated with both breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka and Kevin D. Frick. "Does Returning to Work After Childbirth Affect Breastfeeding Practices?" NBER Working Paper No. 9630, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2003.

6.	Chatterji, Pinka Frick, Kevin D.
6.	Does Returning to Work After Childbirth Affect Breastfeeding Practices? Review of Economics of the Household, 3, 3 (September 2005): 315-335. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/k713823u340146np/ Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Breastfeeding; Maternal Employment; Modeling, Probit; Siblings; Work History Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examines the effect of the timing and intensity of returning to work after childbirth on the probability of initiating breastfeeding and the number of weeks of breastfeeding. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). Baseline probit models and family-level fixed effects models indicate that returning to work within 3 months is associated with a reduction in the probability that the mother will initiate breastfeeding by 1618%. Among those mothers who initiate breastfeeding, returning to work within 3 months is associated with a reduction in the length of breastfeeding of 45 weeks. We find less consistent evidence that working at least 35 h per week (among mothers who return to work within 3 months) detracts from breastfeeding. Future research is needed on understanding how employers can design policies and workplaces that support breastfeeding.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka and Kevin D. Frick. "Does Returning to Work After Childbirth Affect Breastfeeding Practices? ." Review of Economics of the Household, 3, 3 (September 2005): 315-335.

7.	Chatterji, Pinka Markowitz, Sara
7.	The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Journal of Health Economics 20,5 (September 2001): 703-731. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016762960100090X Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Drug Use; Family Studies; Modeling, Multilevel; Mothers, Behavior; Substance Use; Variables, Instrumental The Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is used to test for evidence of a causal relationship between maternal alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use, and children's behavior problems. Ordinary least squares (OLS) results provide strong evidence that substance use is associated with behavior problems. However, OLS estimation fails to account for unobserved factors that may be correlated with substance use and child behavior. To account for this problem, mother-child and family fixed-effects models are tested. The results suggest that maternal illicit drug use is positively associated with children's behavior problems, while alcohol use has a less consistent impact.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka and Sara Markowitz. "The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Journal of Health Economics 20,5 (September 2001): 703-731.

8.	Chatterji, Pinka Markowitz, Sara
8.	The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth NBER Working Paper No. 7692, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2000. Also: http://papers.nber.org/papers/W7692 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Drug Use; Endogeneity; Family Studies; Modeling, Multilevel; Mothers, Behavior; Substance Use; Variables, Instrumental This study uses data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to test for evidence of a causal relationship between maternal alcohol use, marijuana use and cocaine use, and children's behavior problems. Ordinary least squares results provide strong evidence that maternal substance use is associated with children's behavior problems. Models that account for the potential endogeneity of maternal substance use yield mixed results. Models estimated using instrumental variables (IV) methods are inconsistent with OLS findings. Child-specific and family-specific fixed effects models suggest that maternal alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use are associated with increases in behavior problems.
	Bibliography Citation Chatterji, Pinka and Sara Markowitz. "The Impact of Maternal Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use on Children's Behavior Problems: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." NBER Working Paper No. 7692, National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2000.

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