Search Results

Author: Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Resulting in 37 citations.
1. Barber, Jennifer S.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Young-DeMarco, Linda
Hurst, Dawn S.
Unintended Childbearing and Children's Cognitive Ability and Achievement
Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Memory for Digit Span (WISC) - also see Digit Span; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Wantedness

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper analyzes unintended childbearing and children's cognitive ability, paying particular attention to the ways in which families change after an unintended birth. Multilevel OLS and logistic regression analyses of NLSY and NLSY-C show a strong relationship between unintended status births and negative family change. Relative to an intended birth, after an unintended birth family income declines, families are less likely to own their home, have a savings account, and own their car. Mothers with an unintended birth are also less likely to live with their spouse or partner after the birth, and are more likely to be living with their parents. In spite of these rather dramatic negative family changes, children's cognitive ability is resilient to these family changes, at least in terms of the measures used in these analyses (the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test).
Bibliography Citation
Barber, Jennifer S., Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Linda Young-DeMarco and Dawn S. Hurst. "Unintended Childbearing and Children's Cognitive Ability and Achievement." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003.
2. Clarke, Lynda
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Joshi, Heather
Wiggins, Richard D.
McCulloch, Andrew
Consequences of Family Disruption for the Cognitive and Behavioral Development of Children in Britain and the United States
Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Britain, British; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Children, Well-Being; Cognitive Development; Cross-national Analysis; Families, Two-Parent; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Structure; Family Studies; Marital Disruption; Modeling; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Does the increasing number of children living outside a conventional two-parent nuclear family, mean bad news for children? Is cognitive and emotional development being harmed by the breakdown of the family, or has a moral panic been overstated'? Evidence comes from the second generation of the British NCDS (1958 birth cohort), collected in 1991, when the study members were 33, and the American NLSY (1958-1965 cohorts), interviewed in 1992, when the subsample of their children studied were at least 4. Models relating family structure to child well-being are presented with and without adjustment for other emographic, social and economic circumstances. A multi-variate, multi-level strategy estimates heterogeneity within and between families. Simple associations between family disruption and child well-being are shown to be mediated through material and other factors. The high variability in the data defies deterministic modelling but there appear to be differing associations in the two countries.
Bibliography Citation
Clarke, Lynda, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Heather Joshi, Richard D. Wiggins and Andrew McCulloch. "Consequences of Family Disruption for the Cognitive and Behavioral Development of Children in Britain and the United States." Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998.
3. Colen, Cynthia G.
Ramey, David
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Williams, David R.
Racial Disparities in Health among Nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The Role of Acute and Chronic Discrimination
Social Science and Medicine 199 (February 2018): 167-180.
Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617302903
Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Discrimination; Ethnic Differences; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Racial disparities in health tend to be more pronounced at the upper ends of the socioeconomic (SES) spectrum. Despite having access to above average social and economic resources, nonpoor African Americans and Latinos report significantly worse health compared to nonpoor Whites. We combine data from the parents and children of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to address two specific research aims. First, we generate longitudinal SES trajectories over a 33-year period to estimate the extent to which socioeconomic mobility is associated with exposure to discrimination (acute and chronic) across different racial/ethnic groups (nonHispanic Whites, nonHispanic Blacks, and Hispanics). Then we determine if the disparate relationship between SES and self-rated health across these groups can be accounted for by more frequent exposure to unfair treatment. For Whites, moderate income gains over time result in significantly less exposure to both acute and chronic discrimination. Upwardly mobile African Americans and Hispanics, however, were significantly more likely to experience acute and chronic discrimination, respectively, than their socioeconomically stable counterparts. We also find that differential exposure to unfair treatment explains a substantial proportion of the Black/White, but not the Hispanic/White, gap in self-rated health among this nationally representative sample of upwardly mobile young adults. The current study adds to the debate that the shape of the SES/health gradient differs, in important ways, across race and provides empirical support for the diminishing health returns hypothesis for racial/ethnic minorities.
Bibliography Citation
Colen, Cynthia G., David Ramey, Elizabeth C. Cooksey and David R. Williams. "Racial Disparities in Health among Nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The Role of Acute and Chronic Discrimination." Social Science and Medicine 199 (February 2018): 167-180.
4. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Consequences of Young Mothers' Marital Histories for Children's Cognitive Development
Journal of Marriage and Family 59,2 (May 1997): 245-261.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353468
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Cognitive Development; Family Structure; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Status; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Adolescent; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Poverty; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Racial Studies; Self-Esteem

The research attention paid to adolescent parents and their children stems, in part, from a concern over potentially missed opportunities and hence curtailed achievement for young parents and a worry that this will increase the odds of poor developmental outcomes for children Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this article focuses on marital histories of young mothers and whether the family structure into which children of young mothers arc born and the stability of that arrangement during the child's life affect his or her academic abilities during early school years Is the marital bond important for children? Do changes in a mother's marital status influence child development? And most importantly, if so, what is the process through which marital history affects child cognitive development? Results suggest children of young mothers are affected by marital histories although children born and raised within continuously married families do not always s how significantly better academic outcomes. Nonmarital childbearing is negatively associated with cognitive performance but affects children primarily through human economic and social resources.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. "Consequences of Young Mothers' Marital Histories for Children's Cognitive Development." Journal of Marriage and Family 59,2 (May 1997): 245-261.
5. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Factors in the Resolution of Adolescent Premarital Pregnancies
Demography 27,2 (May 1990): 207-218.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/bl7j9202kw04rk32/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Abortion; Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Fertility; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the NLSY, this paper examines factors influencing the pregnancy resolution decision of premaritally pregnant teenagers. Three possible outcomes, bearing the child out-of-wedlock, legitimizing the child through marriage, or aborting, are analyzed. The effects of such factors as family structure, age at conception, race, parental education, mothers' employment, number of siblings, and religious affiliation on each pregnancy resolution decision are explored. Significant racial differences were found for the three outcomes studied and higher educational attainment levels were associated with pregnancy termination.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. "Factors in the Resolution of Adolescent Premarital Pregnancies." Demography 27,2 (May 1990): 207-218.
6. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Outcome of Adolescent First Premarital Pregnancies: The Influence of Family Background
Ph.D. Dissertation, Brown University, 1988
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Abortion; Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Family Background and Culture; First Birth; Household Composition; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Simultaneity; Variables, Independent - Covariate

This research focuses upon how aspects of family background influence how adolescents in the United States resolve a first premarital pregnancy. Comparatively sparse attention has been paid to adolescent premarital pregnancy resolution, and previous studies that have addressed the issue have been flawed by a number of common problems. Often all three choices (abortion, out-of-wedlock parenthood, or marriage to legitimate the birth) have not been modelled as separate outcomes, and when thvis has been done, the data used have not been from a national sample precluding nationwide generalizability of results. In this research, data from the NLSY are utilized which provide a sufficiently large case base, and a diversity of racial/ethnic, religious and family structure backgrounds. Most importantly, these data reflect a conscious effort to collect quality abortion reports and thus enable the three pregnancy outcome choices to be segregated from one another, but simultaneously modelled. Pregnancies occurring between February 1973 and March 1982 are included in the analysis. Multinomial logistic regression is performed to analyze these data since the dependent variable of pregnancy outcome is comprised of three categories. The independent variables utilized (age at first conception, religious affiliation, race/ethnicity, parental education, family structure, and number of siblings), measure a number of family background characteristics hypothesized to effect how the adolescent resolves her first premarital pregnancy. All of the predictor variables (excluding religious affiliation when not modelled as part of an interaction term with race/ethnicity) were found to be significant predictors of adolescent premarital pregnancy resolution. Some, for example, race/ethnicity, parental education and number of siblings, were found to be especially powerful. The findings of this study may be put to good use in helping to pinpoint areas where services such as counselling to aborters, and provision of advice, and material goods to adolescent parents may be best provided. [UMI ADG88-22487]
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. Outcome of Adolescent First Premarital Pregnancies: The Influence of Family Background. Ph.D. Dissertation, Brown University, 1988.
7. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) to Conduct Life Course Analyses
In: Handbook of Life Course Health Development. N. Halfon, C. Forrest, R. Lerner and E. Faustman, eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult, NLSY97
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Life Course

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) are a set of three separate US cohorts. Two of the cohorts, the NLSY79 and the NLSY97, are nationally representative, while the third, the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult cohort, follows the offspring born to female NLSY79 respondents. The NLSY79 began data collection in 1979 from an initial sample of 12,686 young men and women born between 1957 and 1964; the NLSY97 cohort, an initial group of 8984 young people born between 1980 and 1984, was first interviewed in 1997. Both the NLSY79 and NLSY97 cohorts have been interviewed annually or biennially since their inceptions. NLSY79 Child data were first obtained in 1986, when 4971 children were interviewed. Over 11,000 children have been born in total. The children have been regularly interviewed and/or assessed since 1986, many of them through their teens into their young adult years. Data for all three cohorts are remarkably suited for life course analysis due to the breadth of topical areas included in the interviews: health, education, employment, household information, family background, marital history, childcare, income and assets, attitudes, substance use, and criminal activity. The NLSY data also provide opportunities for multi-generational and kinship research. Data on health and recent research using NLSY health data are a focus of this chapter.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. "Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) to Conduct Life Course Analyses" In: Handbook of Life Course Health Development. N. Halfon, C. Forrest, R. Lerner and E. Faustman, eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018
8. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Joshi, Heather
Verropoulou, Georgia
Does Mothers' Employment Affect Children's Development: Evidence from the Children of the British 1970 Birth Cohort and the American NLSY79
Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 1,1 (May 2009): 95-115
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Longview
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Child Care; Child Health; Family Structure; Job Characteristics; Maternal Employment; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background
The increasing employment of mothers of young children in the UK and the USA is widely believed to affect children adversely. Maternity leave and part-time employment, more common in the UK than the US, are possible offsets.

Methods
This paper analyses the cognitive and behavioural development of school-aged children by maternal employment before the child's first birthday. Data come from the second generation of two cohort studies: the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) and the US 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth Child (NLSY79). Both contain several outcomes per child, in some cases several children per mother. The hierarchical structure is tackled by multi-level modelling. Each data set supplies a good array of controls for confounding variables (such as maternal education and ability, family history) which may affect labour market participation.

Results
Similar to other studies, results are mixed and modest. Only two out of five US estimates of maternal employment in the child's first year have a significant (0.05 level) coefficient on child development – negative for reading comprehension, positive for freedom from internalized behaviour problems. None of the estimates were significant for four child outcomes modelled in Britain.

Conclusions
Despite public opinion to the contrary, our study finds little evidence of harm to school-age children from maternal employment during a child's infancy, especially if employment is part-time, and in a context, such as Britain in the 1990s, where several months of maternity leave is the norm.

Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Heather Joshi and Georgia Verropoulou. "Does Mothers' Employment Affect Children's Development: Evidence from the Children of the British 1970 Birth Cohort and the American NLSY79." Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 1,1 (May 2009): 95-115.
9. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Karnehm, Amy Lynn
Children of Young Mothers: The Effect of Mother's Marital Status on Children's Behavior
Presented: Los Angeles, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1994
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Birthweight; Child Health; Children, Behavioral Development; Marital Status; Mothers, Adolescent; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. and Amy Lynn Karnehm. "Children of Young Mothers: The Effect of Mother's Marital Status on Children's Behavior." Presented: Los Angeles, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1994.
10. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Children's Behavior Problems: Effects of Current Conditions and Maternal Resources
Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1996
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Bias Decomposition; Family Structure; Fathers, Absence; Human Capital; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Education; Mothers, Income

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Susan Marie Jekielek. "Children's Behavior Problems: Effects of Current Conditions and Maternal Resources." Presented: New York, NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1996.
11. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Life-Course Effects of Work and Family Circumstances on Children
Social Forces 76,2 (December 1997): 637-665.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2580727
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: University of North Carolina Press
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children; Children, Well-Being; Deviance; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Structure; Fathers, Absence; Human Capital; Life Course; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

How do work and family circumstances shape young children's emotional well-being and behavior? To what extent can parental resources act as buffers against adverse effects? We investigate these questions using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for a synthetic cohort of 2,342 six- and seven-year-old children born to a national cohort of young women between 1979 and 1984. As suggested by a life-course perspective, both maternal resources and current family and parental employment conditions directly impact children's behavior problems. Maternal resources also have indirect effects through current work and family circumstances. Our results suggest that improvements in current work and family circumstances can enhance children's wellbeing, even for children whose mothers have poorer emotional and cognitive resources.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Susan Marie Jekielek. "Life-Course Effects of Work and Family Circumstances on Children." Social Forces 76,2 (December 1997): 637-665.
12. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mott, Frank L.
Gender Differences in Sexual Activity: What Role do Parents Play in Shaping Behaviors?
Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America (PAA) 2008 Annual Meeting, April 17-19, 2008
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Adolescent Sexual Activity; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Parent-Child Interaction

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The social context in which adolescent sexual activity occurs has changed considerably in the recent past. Our prior research suggests that the effects of maternal sexual experience have differential impact on male and female teens. In this paper, we will attempt to unpack potentially different messages about sex given by mothers who experienced early sexual initiation themselves by using current data on mother child interactions relevant to sexual activity. We use data from the 1979-2004 waves of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and their associated child files from 1986 onwards, plus the 1996-2006 NLSY79 Young Adult data. Our sample includes youth from two different cohorts: those who are 14-16 in 1996 and those who are 14-16 in 2006. Results from this project will be an important step forward to better understanding the familial dynamics of a key dimension of the transition to adulthood.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C. and Frank L. Mott. "Gender Differences in Sexual Activity: What Role do Parents Play in Shaping Behaviors?" Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America (PAA) 2008 Annual Meeting, April 17-19, 2008.
13. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mott, Frank L.
Hango, Darcy William
Why Do Some Adolescents Have Risky Sex? The Role of Family Background, Childhood Behaviors and Adolescent Relationships
Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Contraception; Life Course; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Sexual Activity; Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); Substance Use

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

More than half of American youth have had sexual intercourse by the time they turn 18. Despite recent increases in condom use among adolescents, many teens fail to engage in "safe" sexual practices and hence put themselves at risk of both unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Using a life course perspective and data from the NLSY from 1979 through 2000, we explore the question of why some youth engage in risky sex whereas others either abstain from intercourse altogether, or engage in safe sexual practices at various ages between 15 and 20. Drawing on our own previous research findings, as well as the findings of others concerning the importance of romantic relationships to the likelihood of sexual intercourse, we pay particular attention to how relationship profiles in early adolescence might relate to later patterns of sexual behavior, and to potentially important differences in relationship trajectories and sexual practices by race and gender.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Frank L. Mott and Darcy William Hango. "Why Do Some Adolescents Have Risky Sex? The Role of Family Background, Childhood Behaviors and Adolescent Relationships." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002.
14. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mott, Frank L.
Neubauer, Stefanie A.
Friendships and Early Relationships: Links to Sexual Invitation among American Adolescents Born to Young Mothers
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34, 3 (2002): 118-126.
Also: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12137125
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Age at First Birth; Bias Decomposition; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Dating; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

CONTEXT: Preadolescent friendships and early teenage dating relationships have implications for adolescent sexual initiation that may differ by race and gender.

METHODS: Data on participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children are used to profile friendship and dating patterns among a sample of youth born to relatively young mothers. Logistic regression analyses examine whether these patterns predict early sexual initiation, and whether there are differences associated with gender and race.

RESULTS: As youth moved from late childhood to midadolescence, they shifted from having almost exclusively same-sex, same-grade friends to having more relationships with persons who are of the opposite sex and older. By ages 15-16, 34% had had sexual intercourse; the proportion was significantly higher among blacks (45%) than among others (31%). Most adolescents reported neither frequent dating nor a steady partner by ages 15-16, although the prevaleance of such reports was related to friendship patterns in late childhood. Twelve percent of youth who initiated sex in early adolescence did so outside of a dating relationship. For most subgroups examined, the odds of initiating intercourse during early adolescence were associated with going steady, but not with frequency of dating.

CONCLUSIONS: Prior social networking is an important element in predicting early sexual activity. Overall, youth whose mothers gave birth at young ages remain sexually inexperienced into middle adolescence, but certain subgroups are more likely than others to initiate early sexual activity.

Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Frank L. Mott and Stefanie A. Neubauer. "Friendships and Early Relationships: Links to Sexual Invitation among American Adolescents Born to Young Mothers." Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 34, 3 (2002): 118-126.
15. Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mott, Frank L.
Neubauer, Stefanie A.
Relationship Trajectories Among American Adolescents
Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Sexual Activity; Sexual Experiences/Virginity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

INTRODUCTION EXCERPT: In this research, we focus on the role that friendship groups and relationship patterns in middle childhood and early adolescence might play in either speeding up or delaying sexual debut. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) mother and child data bases, we profile the gender and age balance of friendship groups, and the nature and intensity of heterosexual relationships as youth mature from middle childhood through the early adolescent years. We then explore whether or not these early friendship and relationship patterns appear linked through differential tendencies to become sexually active. Are there distinctly normative progression pathways in early adolescent relationships? Is there evidence that early sexual activity may be linked with distinctly non-normative prior friendship and relationship patterns? In our explorations, we play close attention to variations between boys and girls, and between black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic youth.
Bibliography Citation
Cooksey, Elizabeth C., Frank L. Mott and Stefanie A. Neubauer. "Relationship Trajectories Among American Adolescents." Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000.
16. Jekielek, Susan Marie
Mott, Frank L.
Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Changes in Family, Contributions to Children's Home Environments, and Child Well-Being
Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Adjustment Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Children, Well-Being; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Studies; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Biological; Fathers, Presence; Gender Differences; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The objective in this research is to examine the extent to which father presence/absence associations with child behavior problems reflect changes in children's home environments during the same period. I focus on children's propensity to exhibit "acting out" behaviors (Oppositional Action) over a four year interval from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11) for a national sample of 1,917 children drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Previous findings from this research project suggest important differences by gender and race for the outcome of Oppositional Action. Briefly, recent absenting of a biological father appears very damaging for white boys but not for black boys. Girls exhibit generally similar patterns to those for white boys; however, black girls seem to be little affected by whether or not a father is present. In the current paper I explore the extent to which such patterns might be explained by changes in the quality of children's home environments.
Bibliography Citation
Jekielek, Susan Marie, Frank L. Mott, Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Changes in Family, Contributions to Children's Home Environments, and Child Well-Being." Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998.
17. Joshi, Heather
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Clarke, Lynda
Wiggins, Richard D.
McCulloch, Andrew
Family Disruption and the Cognitive and Behavioural Development of Children in Longitudinal Data from Britain and USA
Working Paper No. 50, National Child Development Study, User Support Group, March 1998.
Also: London, England: City University, Social Statistics Research Unit
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: National Child Development Study - NCDS
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Britain, British; Children, Well-Being; Cross-national Analysis; Families, Two-Parent; Family Characteristics; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Structure; Family Studies; Heterogeneity; Modeling; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Does the increasing number of children living outside a conventional two-parent nuclear family, mean bad news for children? Is cognitive and emotional development being harmed by the breakdown of the family, or has a moral panic been overstated? Evidence comes from the second generation of the British NCDS (1958 birth cohort), collected in 1991, when the study members were 33, and the American NLSY (1958-1965 cohorts), interviewed in 1992, when the sub-sample of their children studied were at least 4. Models relating family structure to child well-being are presented with and without adjustment for other demographic, social and economic circumstances. A multi-variate, multi-level strategy estimates heterogeneity within and between families. Simple associations between family disruption and child well-being are shown to be mediated through material and other factors. The high variability in the data defies deterministic modelling but there appear to be differing associations in the two countries.
Bibliography Citation
Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Lynda Clarke, Richard D. Wiggins and Andrew McCulloch. "Family Disruption and the Cognitive and Behavioural Development of Children in Longitudinal Data from Britain and USA." Working Paper No. 50, National Child Development Study, User Support Group, March 1998.
18. Joshi, Heather
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Verropoulou, Georgia
Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Tzavidis, Nikos
Children of Working Mothers: Does Mother's Employment Affect Children's Development?
Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS)
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Child Care; Child Health; Family Structure; Maternal Employment; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In this study we investigate differences in the cognitive and behavioural development of pre-school aged children by maternal employment using information from the second generation of two cohort studies: the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) and the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth Child (NLSY79) from the US. This will update a similar study of children from the 1958 British cohort but will also expand these analyses by enabling a comparison of maternal employment effects in two industrialized countries where policies regarding maternal leave markedly differ. Both data sets contain several outcomes per child, in some cases several children per mother, and a hierarchical structure which we tackle using multivariate multi-level modelling. We are therefore able to model the relationships between the outcomes, i.e. maths and reading, or a cognitive score with aggressive behaviour, as well as contrast the effect of controlling for the characteristics of the child and family. The BCS70 provides data back to birth for the mothers we study, and the NLSY79 started collecting data from mothers in their early to mid teens thus supplying us with a good array of controls for confounding variables (such as maternal education and ability, plus family history) which may affect whether or not she is in the labour market during her child's first few years of life. Both data sets also include variables which may mediate or compensate for maternal employment, such as family income, child care, family structure, number of siblings, maternal health, child health. Based on results from previous research we expect maternal employment will impact child development but that effects will differ according to such factors as age of child, when the mother went back to work and, the nature of her employment.
Bibliography Citation
Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Georgia Verropoulou, Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Nikos Tzavidis. "Children of Working Mothers: Does Mother's Employment Affect Children's Development?" Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008.
19. Joshi, Heather
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Verropoulou, Georgia
Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Tzavidis, Nikos
Combining Childrearing with Work: Do Maternal Employment Experiences Compromise Child Development
Presented: Marrakech, Morocco, XXVI International Population Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), Sep 27-Oct 2, 2009
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP)
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Child Care; Child Health; Family Structure; Job Characteristics; Maternal Employment; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using longitudinal panel study data from both Great Britain (BCS70) and the United States (NLSY79) we explore how various aspects of maternal employment during the first few years of a child's life might impact the cognitive and behavioral development of children as they move through early and middle childhood, and into early adolescence. Both the UK and the US have seen a substantial increase in the employment of mothers with young children in recent years although due to different maternity leave policies in the two countries, American mothers tend to return to employment after a shorter period than British mothers. We investigate both patterns of maternal employment and the nature of that employment, and utilize multi-level, multivariate modeling to examine how mother's labour force involvement during early childhood might be associated with various child outcomes that are complementary across the two countries.
Bibliography Citation
Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Georgia Verropoulou, Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Nikos Tzavidis. "Combining Childrearing with Work: Do Maternal Employment Experiences Compromise Child Development." Presented: Marrakech, Morocco, XXVI International Population Conference of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), Sep 27-Oct 2, 2009.
20. Joshi, Heather
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Wiggins, Richard D.
McCulloch, Andrew
Verropoulou, Georgia
Clarke, Lynda
Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multi-Level Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States
International Journal of Law, Policy, and the Family 13 (1999): 292-314
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Britain, British; Children, Well-Being; Cross-national Analysis; Fathers, Absence; Human Capital Theory; Marital Status; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Earlier version presented: British Society for Population Studies, Cambridge, England and Annual Conference of the Royal Statistical Society, 1998

This study uses national data from both Great Britain and the United State to examine the relationship between children's family history and their educational and behavioral development. We use a multivariate, multi-level modeling strategy to estimate heterogeneity both within and between families. Our results show that associations between family living situations and children's well-being appear to be mediated by levels of human, financial and social capital available to children. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence that children with non-traditional family living experiences are any more likely to be negatively impacted in Britain than across the Atlantic where diverse living arrangements are more widespread.

Bibliography Citation
Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Richard D. Wiggins, Andrew McCulloch, Georgia Verropoulou and Lynda Clarke. "Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multi-Level Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States." International Journal of Law, Policy, and the Family 13 (1999): 292-314.
21. Joshi, Heather
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Wiggins, Richard D.
McCulloch, Andrew
Verropoulou, Georgia
Clarke, Lynda
Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multilevel Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States
In: Education, Family and Population Dynamics. M. Cosio, R. Marcoux, M. Pilon, and A. Quesnel, eds. Paris, France: Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED), 2003: pp. 329-356
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Commitee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED)
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Britain, British; Children, Well-Being; Cross-national Analysis; Fathers, Absence; Human Capital Theory; Marital Status; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study uses national data from both Great Britain and the United States to examine the relationship between children's family history and their educational and behavioral development. We use a multivariate, multi-level modeling strategy to estimate heterogeneity both within and between families. Our results show that associations between family living situations and children's wellbeing appear to be mediated by levels of human, financial and social capital available to children. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence that children with non-traditional family living experiences are any more likely to be negatively impacted in Britain than across the Atlantic where diverse living arrangements are more widespread.
Bibliography Citation
Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Richard D. Wiggins, Andrew McCulloch, Georgia Verropoulou and Lynda Clarke. "Diverse Family Living Situations and Child Development: A Multilevel Analysis Comparing Longitudinal Evidence from Britain and the United States" In: Education, Family and Population Dynamics. M. Cosio, R. Marcoux, M. Pilon, and A. Quesnel, eds. Paris, France: Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED), 2003: pp. 329-356
22. Manning, Wendy D.
Smock, Pamela Jane
Dorius, Cassandra J.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Cohabitation Expectations Among Young Adults in the United States: Do They Match Behavior?
Population Research and Policy Review 33,2 (April 2014): 287-305.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11113-013-9316-3
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Dating; Expectations/Intentions; Gender Differences; Household Composition; Marital History/Transitions

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Cohabitation continues to rise, but there is a lack of knowledge about expectations to cohabit and the linkage between expectations and subsequent cohabitation. We capitalize on a new opportunity to study cohabitation expectations by drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) main youth and two waves (2008 and 2010) of the NLSY young adult (YA) surveys (n = 1,105). We find considerable variation in cohabitation expectations: 39.9 % have no expectation of cohabiting in the future and 16.6 % report high odds of cohabiting in the next 2 years. Cohabitation expectations are associated with higher odds of entering a cohabiting relationship, but are not perfectly associated. Only 38 % of YAs with certain cohabitation expectations in 2008 entered a cohabiting union by 2010. Further investigation of the mismatch between expectations and behaviors indicates that a substantial minority (30 %) who entered a cohabiting union had previously reported no or low expectations, instances of what we term “unplanned cohabitation.” Our findings underscore the importance of considering not only just behavior but also individuals’ expectations for understanding union formation, and more broadly, family change.
Bibliography Citation
Manning, Wendy D., Pamela Jane Smock, Cassandra J. Dorius and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Cohabitation Expectations Among Young Adults in the United States: Do They Match Behavior?" Population Research and Policy Review 33,2 (April 2014): 287-305.
23. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mott, Frank L.
Nicotine Exposure before Birth and Children's Behavior Problems in Middle Childhood: Toward Understanding the Linkage
Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Birthweight; Child Health; Children, Adjustment Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Deviance; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Also: presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998

Using linked child-mother data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY) we examine the association between maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy and children's later levels of externalizing behavior problems at ages ten and eleven. We examine to what extent this association may reflect common correlates with associated maternal resources, skills, and characteristics, be a result of associated differences in the quality of current work and family circumstances, or reflect other indicators of poorer maternal attitudes and behaviors. We also evaluate whether part of this relationship is mediated through associated child physical health, especially respiratory, problems. We consider parallel arguments for effects of current maternal smoking, and also evaluate the potential mediational role of family home environments. Only a small part of this relationship appears to be mediated through associated child physical health problems, while there is some suggestion that smoking during pregnancy may reflect associated maternal life difficulties as well as more compromised family home environments.

Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Elizabeth C. Cooksey and Frank L. Mott. "Nicotine Exposure before Birth and Children's Behavior Problems in Middle Childhood: Toward Understanding the Linkage." Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998.
24. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Work and Family Circumstances and Child Trajectories: When (and for What) Does AFDC Receipt Matter?
Presented: Chicago, IL, Joint Center for Poverty Research, Pre-Conference on Family Process and Child Development in Low Income Families, May 7-8, 1998.
Also: http://www.jcpr.org/wp/WPprofile.cfm?ID=39.0
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Joint Center for Poverty Research
Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Family Circumstances, Changes in; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Simultaneity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper focuses on children's progress through middle childhood over a four year period, beginning with a synthetic cohort of children aged 6-7 and following them to ages 10-11. We have been particularly concerned with changes over time, seeking to link changing parental work and family circumstances with changes in the quality of parent-child interaction and with children's increases or decreases in behavior problems. In this preliminary set of analyses, we can take advantage of the longitudinal NLSY child data, and control for the initial level of child outcomes at the beginning of the study period. Thus, our main focus is on how temporal patterns of AFDC receipt are linked to changes in the quality of children's home environments, their reading skills, and their behavior. We ask three major questions. First, for the large sample of children aged 10 to 11 whom we have been following from ages 6-7, what are the patterns of AFDC receipt from year 1 through year 5? We describe those patterns, and correlate variations in AFDC receipt with the measures of maternal resources, work and family patterns over the same period. Second, are these patterns linked to three indicators of child outcomes: the quality of home environments, the child's reading ability, and the child's propensity to oppositional action (a subset of behavior problems), under varying controls? Third, following Greg Duncan's lead, we develop typologies that simultaneously consider AFDC receipt, family composition, mother's education, and mother's employment history. What are the frequencies of those types, and what are the linkages between these groups and the three child outcomes under varying sets of controls?
Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Susan Marie Jekielek, Frank L. Mott and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Work and Family Circumstances and Child Trajectories: When (and for What) Does AFDC Receipt Matter?" Presented: Chicago, IL, Joint Center for Poverty Research, Pre-Conference on Family Process and Child Development in Low Income Families, May 7-8, 1998.
25. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Work, Family Patterns, and Child Well Being: Tracing Consequences over Time
Presented: Toronto, Canada, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 1997
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Bias Decomposition; Bullying/Victimization; Children, Well-Being; Family Characteristics; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Influences; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Presence; Health, Mental/Psychological; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Behavior; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Our overall research objective is to describe and explain the development, maintenance, and change in children's behavior problems during middle childhood, and subsequently to examine the implications of these patterns for early adolescent behavior. We focus on two major categories of problems: a) externalizing behavior that is troubling to others, especially aggressive and antisocial behavior; and b) internalizing behavior marked by withdrawal from interaction and depressed mood. In the research we report today, we focus exclusively on the former dimension, and study what we term "oppositional action"-outward acts of behavior that often have an antisocial element to them and reflect under-control of aggressive impulses, for example, bullying others, having trouble getting along with peers and teachers, and being restless, impulsive, and short-tempered. We analyze levels of oppositional action at ages ten and eleven, and changes in levels since ages six and seven, linking both level and change to maternal and child characteristics, current work and family circumstances, and changes in those circumstances over time (see conceptural model?).
Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Frank L. Mott and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Work, Family Patterns, and Child Well Being: Tracing Consequences over Time." Presented: Toronto, Canada, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 1997.
26. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Long Reach of the Job: Effects of Mothers' Work Experiences on Oppositional Action in Early Adolescence
Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Bias Decomposition; Employment; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Fathers, Absence; Maternal Employment; Mothers; Work Experience

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Also: Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998

While research has examined how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, we are less well informed about effects in early adolescence, and in particular, how changes in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. in this analysis, we focus on one aspect of behavior problems, propensities to oppositional action, and study its trajectory from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11), linking this trajectory to maternal employment patterns over the same time period. We study these trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. This is a synthetic cohort constructed by pooling children aged 10-11 in 1990, 1992, and 1994. We focus on three features of maternal employment: the extensiveness of employment, as tapped by the proportion of weeks worked over the last four years; the st ability of employment, as tapped by the number of starts and stops in employment over that period; and the quality of employment, as tapped by the substantive complexity and opportunities for self-direction of the mother's occupation. We include statistical controls for maternal and child characteristics, as well as for family compositional patterns and spouse employment characteristics. We find that the key contrasts are between mothers with no employment at any point, those with intermittent employment, and those with continuous employment. Children of those never employed are most prone to oppositional behavior problems, while those whose mothers were continuously employed are least prone, even after stringent controls for associated human and social capital, family compositional patterns, and quality of employment. Our data also suggest that low to no maternal employment has more negative effects on children not living stably with their fathers over the past four years. The quality of employment is associated with more stable employment patterns, and we find no independent effect of employment quality on early adolescent outcomes once we take stability and extensiveness into account. Earlier levels of oppositional action (at ages 6-7) are strongly correlated with levels four years later (bivariate r += . 60); multivariate beta = +.52), but earlier levels are not consistently or significantly associated with employment patterns over the four year period, and controlling for those earlier levels does not substantially alter effects of maternal employment patterns previously observed. Thus, these negative impacts of stable non-employment and very low levels of employment persist even when earlier levels of behavior problems are controlled, suggesting that they represent increases over time, not simply persistence of higher levels established at earlier time points.

Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Frank L. Mott, Elizabeth C. Cooksey and Susan Marie Jekielek. "Long Reach of the Job: Effects of Mothers' Work Experiences on Oppositional Action in Early Adolescence." Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1998.
27. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations
Presented: East Lansing, MI, Social Capital Conference, April 1998.
Also: http://www.ssc.msu.edu/~internat/soccap/Abstracts.htm#menaghan
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Author
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Birthweight; Family Structure; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Recent research suggests that childhood and adolescent rates of behavior problems have been rising in the US over the past two decades. At the same time, family composition and parental, especially maternal, employment patterns have also been shifting. While research has focused on how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, we are less well informed about effects in early adolescence, and in particular, how stability and change in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. In this analysis, we focus on one aspect of behavior problems, propensities to oppositional action, and study its trajectory from middle childhood (ages 6-7) to early adolescence (ages 10-11), linking this trajectory to maternal employment and family composition patterns over the same time period. We study these trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. This is a synthetic cohort constructed by pooling children aged 10-11 in 1990, 1992, and 1994. All multivariate models include controls for cohort membership to capture effects of unmeasured secular changes which may affect the cohorts differently.
Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Frank L. Mott, Elizabeth C. Cooksey and Susan Marie Jekielek. "Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations." Presented: East Lansing, MI, Social Capital Conference, April 1998.
28. Menaghan, Elizabeth G.
Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Jekielek, Susan Marie
Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations
Journal of Socio-Economics 29,6 (2000): 587-590.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053535700001013
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Size; Family Structure; Maternal Employment; Parenting Skills/Styles

Recent research suggests that childhood and adolescent rates of behavior problems have been rising in the US over the past two decades. At the same time, family composition and parental, especially maternal, employment patterns have also been shifting. While research has focused on how maternal work and family patterns affect pre-school and younger children, there is less information about effect in early adolescence, and in particular, how stability and change in parents' work and family circumstances over time may alter their children's risks for behavior problems. In this analysis, one aspect of behavior problems and propensities to oppositional action are focused on, and the trajectories for a national sample of 1,917 children aged 10-11 drawn from the Child-Mother data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is studied.
Bibliography Citation
Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Frank L. Mott, Elizabeth C. Cooksey and Susan Marie Jekielek. "Work and Family Patterns: Effects Across Generations." Journal of Socio-Economics 29,6 (2000): 587-590.
29. Mott, Frank L.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Hango, Darcy William
Neubauer, Stefanie A.
Gender and Race Differences in the Determinants of Early Adolescent Relationships: Evidence from the NLSY
Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 2001
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Fathers, Presence; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Siblings

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In this research, we use unique longitudinal data from the 1979 through 1998 rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and its linked child data set to explore the process by which family background and the development of early relationships may or may not translate into early sexual activity. Specifically, we follow a large national sample of youth from ages 11 or 12 to ages 15 or 16. All of the youth we follow are virgins as of ages 13 or 14. We examine the determinants of losing virginity between ages 13-14 and 15-16. Our particular focus in this paper is to explore the extent that there are meaningful generalizations regarding the determinants and the process that can be made across race and gender groups. That is, to what extent do black and white boys and girls follow common developmental pathways with regard to incipient sexual activity, and to what extent are there important factors that are suggestive of variations that may be socially based? In essence, using logit techniques, we try to untangle the independent paths between children's earlier environment, their early adolescent relationship networks, and their propensity to become sexually active by mid-adolescence.
Bibliography Citation
Mott, Frank L., Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Darcy William Hango and Stefanie A. Neubauer. "Gender and Race Differences in the Determinants of Early Adolescent Relationships: Evidence from the NLSY." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 2001.
30. Olsen, Randall J.
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Measuring Internal Migration Prospectively Using Longitudinal Data
In: Selected Topics in Migration Studies. F.D. Bean and S.K. Brown, eds., Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2023: 217-219
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Migration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Internal migration may be defined as a change in residence from one geographical unit to another.
Bibliography Citation
Olsen, Randall J. and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Measuring Internal Migration Prospectively Using Longitudinal Data" In: Selected Topics in Migration Studies. F.D. Bean and S.K. Brown, eds., Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2023: 217-219
31. Rothstein, Donna S.
Carr, Deborah
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Cohort Profile: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79)
International Journal of Epidemiology 48,1 (1 February 2019): 22-22e.
Also: https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/48/1/22/5049814
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Keyword(s): Bureau of Labor Statistics; Data Sets Documentation; NLS Description

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article gives a summary of the NLSY, providing information about why the cohort was set up, who is in the cohort, how often have the respondents been followed, what has been measured, how to gain access to the data, key findings and publications, main strengths and weaknesses, and funding,
Bibliography Citation
Rothstein, Donna S., Deborah Carr and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Cohort Profile: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79)." International Journal of Epidemiology 48,1 (1 February 2019): 22-22e.
32. Sassler, Sharon
Williams, Kristi
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Family Structure and High School Graduation: How Children Born to Unmarried Mothers Fare
Genus: Journal of Population Sciences 69,2 (2013): 1-33.
Also: http://scistat.cilea.it/index.php/genus/article/view/501/254
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Universita Degli Studi Di Roma "La Sapienza"
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; High School Completion/Graduates; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We examine whether the union transitions of unmarried mothers into marriage or cohabitation during their children's youth are associated with their offspring's likelihood of graduating from high school by age 20. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), which enables us to extend the growing body of research on the intergenerational reproduction of family structure and well-being in the United States
Bibliography Citation
Sassler, Sharon, Kristi Williams, Fenaba Addo, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Family Structure and High School Graduation: How Children Born to Unmarried Mothers Fare." Genus: Journal of Population Sciences 69,2 (2013): 1-33.
33. Sassler, Sharon
Williams, Kristi
Addo, Fenaba
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Maternal Union Status and Youth Educational Attainment: Does Age at Birth Matter?
Presented: Paris, France, EUCCONET/Society For Longitudinal And Life Course Studies International Conference, October 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; High School Completion/Graduates; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In 2008, 41% of all births in the United States occurred outside of marriage. Children born to unmarried mothers are often disadvantaged in young adulthood, including being less likely to graduate high school. In recent years, the age composition of mothers has changed; teen births declined substantially, and non-marital births are now most heavily concentrated among women in their twenties. This paper examines whether maternal age at birth differentiates the educational outcomes of children, and if this varies by maternal marital status. Data are from the linked Children and Young Adult sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). We find significant differences in the likelihood of high school graduation among youth born to a never-married versus a married mother. These disparities remain even after including controls for maternal age at birth, as well as social and economic characteristics of mothers prior to the birth. The marital status gap in the likelihood of graduating from high school among youth born to older mothers is far narrower than for youth whose mothers were either teenagers or in their early 20s when they were born, though this finding is limited to white youth. Impacts for racial educational disparities are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Sassler, Sharon, Kristi Williams, Fenaba Addo, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Maternal Union Status and Youth Educational Attainment: Does Age at Birth Matter?" Presented: Paris, France, EUCCONET/Society For Longitudinal And Life Course Studies International Conference, October 2012.
34. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Addo, Fenaba
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Early Childbearing, Union Status, and Women's Health at Midlife
Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Ethnic Differences; First Birth; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital Status; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite the prevalence of early and nonmarital childbearing, little is known about their long-term consequences for women’s health. We use data from the NLSY79 and multivariate propensity score matching to examine differences in midlife health between women who had an adolescent or young adult first birth and those whose first birth occurred at later ages. We then estimate the effect of marital status at birth and later marital history on the midlife self-assessed health of women who had an early first birth. Results suggest few negative health consequences of early childbearing except for black women who have their first birth in young adulthood. Among those who have an early first birth, marriage at birth appears beneficial for the midlife health of white women, while marriage after a nonmarital birth may pose health risks for black and Hispanic women.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Fenaba Addo and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Early Childbearing, Union Status, and Women's Health at Midlife." Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012.
35. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Addo, Fenaba
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mothers’ Union Histories and the Mental and Physical Health of Adolescents Born to Unmarried Mothers
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54,3 (September 2013): 278-295.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/54/3/278.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Health; Age at Birth; CESD (Depression Scale); Cohabitation; Depression (see also CESD); Fertility; Health Factors; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

As nonmarital childbearing becomes a dominant pathway to family formation, understanding its long-term consequences for children’s well-being is increasingly important. Analysis of linked mother-child data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates a negative association of having been born to a never-married mother with adolescent self-assessed health but not with depressive symptoms. We also consider the role of mothers’ subsequent union histories in shaping the adolescent health outcomes of youth born to unmarried mothers. With two exceptions, unmarried mothers’ subsequent unions appear to have little consequence for the health of their offspring during adolescence. Adolescents whose mothers subsequently married and remained with their biological fathers reported better health, yet adolescents whose mothers continuously cohabited with their biological fathers without subsequent marriage reported worse adolescent mental health compared with adolescents whose mothers remained continually unpartnered.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech, Fenaba Addo and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Mothers’ Union Histories and the Mental and Physical Health of Adolescents Born to Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54,3 (September 2013): 278-295.
36. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Addo, Fenaba
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women’s Health at Midlife
American Sociological Review 76,3 (June 2011): 465-486.
Also: http://asr.sagepub.com/content/76/3/465.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Cohabitation; Fertility; Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital Status; Mothers, Health; Parents, Single; Propensity Scores

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite high rates of nonmarital childbearing in the United States, little is known about the health of women who have nonmarital births. We use data from the NLSY79 to examine differences in age 40 self-assessed health between women who had a premarital birth and those whose first birth occurred within marriage. We then differentiate women with a premarital first birth according to their subsequent union histories and estimate the effect of marrying or cohabiting versus remaining never-married on midlife self-assessed health. We pay particular attention to the paternity status of a mother’s partner and the stability of marital unions. To partially address selection bias, we employ multivariate propensity score techniques. Results suggest that premarital childbearing is negatively associated with midlife health for white and black women, but not for Hispanic women. We find no evidence that the negative health consequences of nonmarital childbearing are mitigated by either marriage or cohabitation for black women. For other women, only enduring marriage to the child’s biological father is associated with better health than remaining unpartnered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech, Fenaba Addo and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women’s Health at Midlife." American Sociological Review 76,3 (June 2011): 465-486.
37. Williams, Kristi
Sassler, Sharon
Frech, Adrianne
Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Mother's Union History and the Health of Children Born to Single Mothers
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Age at Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Bias Decomposition; CESD (Depression Scale); Cohabitation; Depression (see also CESD); Health Factors; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Marital Status; Marriage; Parental Influences; Parents, Single; Unions

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the NLSY79 linked mother-child files, we examine whether children born to single mothers who marry or cohabit have better (or worse) psychological and physical health outcomes in early adulthood than those whose mothers remained unmarried. We limit our analysis to first-born children who were born to and lived with a single mother and distinguish mothers' union histories by marital and cohabitation status, dissolution status of the union, and paternity status of partner. Preliminary results indicate that, on average, children born to single mothers receive few mental or physical health benefits in young adulthood if their mothers subsequently marry or cohabit vs. remain unpartnered.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Kristi, Sharon Sassler, Adrianne Frech and Elizabeth C. Cooksey. "Mother's Union History and the Health of Children Born to Single Mothers." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.