Search Results
Author: Davies, Mark
Resulting in 4 citations.
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Griesler, Pamela C. Kandel, Denise B. Davies, Mark |
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Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93. Also: http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/79.abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Carfax Publishing Company ==> Taylor & Francis Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Depression (see also CESD); Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Aims: To identify and compare predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and persistence among African American, Hispanic and White adolescents in a longitudinal national sample. Design: The sample includes 1537 mother-child dyads from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Family, youth, peer and sociodemographic risk and protective factors were analyzed. Findings: White adolescents reported the highest rates of smoking initiation and persistence; African Americans and Hispanics the lowest. Multivariate analyses revealed mostly common and few ethnic-specific predictors of smoking initiation and persistence. For initiation, maternal current smoking, child age, child problem behavior, and perceived peer pressure to smoke were predictive across ethnic groups; female gender and ineffective parenting were predictive among Whites only. For persistence, child age, child problem behavior and perceived scholastic competence were predictive across ethnic groups; negative mood was predictive among Whites only. Conclusions: More common than unique factors predict smoking initiation and persistence among adolescents of different ethnicity. However, the power to detect ethnicity-by-predictor interactions with respect to persistence was low. Social factors are more important for smoking initiation, whereas individual factors are more important for persistence, although child problem behaviors are common determinants both of initiation and persistence. With few exceptions, universal anti-smoking interventions should be targeted to youths of different ethnicity. (Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, 2002.) |
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Bibliography Citation
Griesler, Pamela C., Denise B. Kandel and Mark Davies. "Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ." Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93.
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Kandel, Denise B. Davies, Mark |
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Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Epidemiology, Predictors, and Ethnic Patterns In: Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse. S. Shober and C. Schade, eds. NIDA Research Monograph 110. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse Keyword(s): Drug Use; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Substance Use Epidemiological surveys have established that following a sharp increase in the late 1970s and a seeming stabilization in the 1980s, cocaine use in the general population is starting to decline (Adams 1988; Rouse 1988; Johnston et al.1989). However, data are consistently presented for the American population as a whole. Potential ethnic differences and/or similarities in patterns of cocaine use are rarely discussed. An exception is the recently released report on the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1987). In this chapter, we take advantage of a large data set of young American adults, the Youth Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of the labor force experience of young Americans (NLSY), to investigate in some detail patterns of cocaine use and selected risk factors for such use not only in the total youth population but also among three major ethnic groups, namely, whites, blacks and Hispanics. Specifically, we address the following three issues: (1) What is the prevalence of the use of cocaine and other drugs among young Americans reported by the three ethnic groups? (2) What is the order of initiation into the use of cocaine and other illicit drugs? Can one identify developmental patterns of involvement with cocaine? Are these patterns similar among the three ethnic groups? (3) What are the predictors of cocaine use among young adults? Are they different for whites, blacks and Hispanics? |
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Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Epidemiology, Predictors, and Ethnic Patterns" In: Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse. S. Shober and C. Schade, eds. NIDA Research Monograph 110. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1991
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Kandel, Denise B. Davies, Mark |
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Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Ethnic Patterns, Progression, and Predictors Substance Use and Misuse 32,12-13 (January 1997): 1757-1762. Also: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10826089709035577 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Marcel Dekker Keyword(s): Drug Use; Epidemiology; Ethnic Differences; Ethnic Studies; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This chapter investigates patterns of cocaine use and selected risk factors for Whites, Blacks and Hispanics in 1984 in a national sample aged 19-27, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Three issues are examined: the prevalence of the use of cocaine and other drugs; the order of initiation into the use of cocaine and other illicit drugs; and the predictors of cocaine use among young adults. |
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Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Ethnic Patterns, Progression, and Predictors." Substance Use and Misuse 32,12-13 (January 1997): 1757-1762.
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| 4. |
Kandel, Denise B. Davies, Mark |
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Labor Force Experiences of a National Sample of Young Adult Men: The Role of Drug Involvement Youth and Society 21,4 (June 1990): 411-445. Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/21/4/411 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Drug Use; Earnings; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Mobility; Unemployment Duration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The impact of the use of legal and illegal drugs on the labor force experiences of young adult men was investigated in the male sample (N not given) of the NLSY (ages 19-27 in 1984). Examined over an annual interval (1984/85) were hourly wage rate, number of employers, number of employment gaps, and number of weeks unemployed. Controlling for human capital resources, health, lifestyle characteristics, and local unemployment rate, illicit drug use was found to impact three aspects of work performance, but not wage rate. Use of cocaine increased job mobility, the number of gaps between employment spells, and duration of unemployment. The deterioration in labor force performance that results from drug use appears to reflect the impact of drug use itself over and beyond the impact of self-selection factors that determine initial drug involvement. Results also indicate that job mobility early in work careers lowers the earnings of young workers. The job search paradigm, in which a change of employers is assumed to maximize the fit between workers and jobs, does not apply to all young men. Job changes may result from different causes among different subgroups of the population, and do not necessarily lead to optimization of job rewards. (Sociological Abstracts, Inc.). |
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Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Labor Force Experiences of a National Sample of Young Adult Men: The Role of Drug Involvement." Youth and Society 21,4 (June 1990): 411-445.
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