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Author: Fendrich, Michael

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1.	Fendrich, Michael
1.	Longitudinal Analysis of Retest Artifact in NLSY Drug Use Reporting Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Health and Retirement Study, Institute for Social Research, Conference on Data Quality Issues in Longitudinal Surveys, 1998. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/faculty/cv-fendrich.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for Social Research (ISR), University of Michigan Keyword(s): Interviewer Characteristics; Interviewing Method; Longitudinal Data Sets; Longitudinal Surveys; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Self-Reporting; Social Environment; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We examined three follow-up waves of data in order to estimate the prevalence and explore the correlates of retest artifact (denial) of drug use among NLSY respondents who disclosed lifetime cocaine and marijuana use in 1984. In the cocaine use cohort, 42% denied lifetime drug use during at least one follow-up wave. In the marijuana use cohort, about 29% denied lifetime drug use during at least one follow-up wave. (mixed model) and cross sectional logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate the correlates of this phenomenon. Although we hypothesized linear time effects, we found that denial either leveled off (cocaine) or diminished (marijuana) between the second and third interviews. Longitudinal models suggested that individuals were fairly consistent with respect to disclosure propensities. The most consistent predictors of denial in both longitudinal and cross sectional models and across substances were race and marital status. Other predictors of denial included interviewer characteristics (social attribution), interview mode, and drug salience. Interpretation of findings with respect to time are made in light of recent shifts in drug disclosure norms. Implications for theories of survey reporting, for research design, and for the interpretation and analysis of longitudinal drug use data are also discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Fendrich, Michael. "Longitudinal Analysis of Retest Artifact in NLSY Drug Use Reporting." Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Health and Retirement Study, Institute for Social Research, Conference on Data Quality Issues in Longitudinal Surveys, 1998.

2.	Fendrich, Michael Kim, Julia Yun Soo
2.	Multiwave Analysis of Retest Artifact in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Drug Use Drug and Alcohol Dependence 62,3 (May 2001): 239-253. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871600001770 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Drug Use; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Interviewer Characteristics; Interviewing Method; Marital Status; Racial Differences We examined follow-up data from surveys in 1988, 1992 and 1994 in order to estimate the prevalence and explore the correlates of retest artifact (denial) of drug use among National Longitudinal Survey of Youth respondents who disclosed lifetime cocaine or marijuana use in 1984. In the cocaine use cohort, 42% denied lifetime cocaine use during at least one follow-up wave. In the marijuana use cohort, about 29% denied lifetime marijuana use during at least one follow-up wave. Denial either leveled off (cocaine) or diminished (marijuana) between the second and third follow-up interviews. The most consistent predictors of denial in both longitudinal and cross-sectional models and across substances were race/ethnicity (black informants had increased rates of denial) and marital status (married respondents had increased rates of denial). Other predictors of denial included interviewer characteristics (social attribution), interview mode, and drug salience. The findings with respect to marijuana reporting trends parallel increased willingness of public officials to retrospectively disclose this behavior in the popular press.
	Bibliography Citation Fendrich, Michael and Julia Yun Soo Kim. "Multiwave Analysis of Retest Artifact in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Drug Use." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 62,3 (May 2001): 239-253.

3.	Fendrich, Michael Kim, Julia Yun Soo Wislar, Joseph S.
3.	Longitudinal Analysis of Retest Artifact in NLSY Drug Use Reporting Working Paper, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, October 1998 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for Juvenile Research (IJR) Keyword(s): Drug Use; Interviewer Characteristics; Interviewing Method; Longitudinal Data Sets; Longitudinal Surveys; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Self-Reporting; Social Environment; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Also presented: University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, Michigan): Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference on Longitudinal Data Quality. October 1998. We examined three follow-up waves of data in order to estimate the prevalence and explore the correlates of retest artifact (denial) of drug use among NLSY respondents who disclosed lifetime cocaine and marijuana use in 1984. In the cocaine use cohort, 42% denied lifetime drug use during at least one follow-up wave. In the marijuana use cohort, about 29% denied lifetime drug use during at least one follow-up wave. (mixed model) and cross sectional logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate the correlates of this phenomenon. Although we hypothesized linear time effects, we found that denial either leveled off (cocaine) or diminished (marijuana) between the second and third interviews. Longitudinal models suggested that individuals were fairly consistent with respect to disclosure propensities. The most consistent predictors of denial in both longitudinal and cross sectional models and across substances were race and marital status. Other predictors of denial included interviewer characteristics (social attribution), interview mode, and drug salience. Interpretation of findings with respect to time are made in light of recent shifts in drug disclosure norms. Implications for theories of survey reporting, for research design, and for the interpretation and analysis of longitudinal drug use data are also discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Fendrich, Michael, Julia Yun Soo Kim and Joseph S. Wislar. "Longitudinal Analysis of Retest Artifact in NLSY Drug Use Reporting." Working Paper, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, October 1998.

4.	Fendrich, Michael Mackesy-Amiti, Mary Ellen
4.	Inconsistencies in Lifetime Cocaine and Marijuana Use Reports: Impact on Prevalence and Incidence Addiction 90,1 (January 1995): 111-118. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.90111114.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Addiction; Alcohol Use; Drug Use; Ethnic Differences; Racial Differences; Self-Reporting; Substance Use; Underreporting Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We evaluated inconsistencies in responses to questions about lifetime cocaine and marijuana use asked of nearly 10,000 respondents from the United States in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in 1984 and 1988. Our analyses showed that 14% of all responses on cocaine use and 17% of all responses on marijuana use were inconsistent in some way. The types of inconsistencies varied according to the substance; cocaine reports yielded more inconsistencies with regard to timing of first use, while for Marconi most of the inconsistencies were with respect to use disclosure. For both substances, lower level users were more likely to be inconsistent in their reports of drug use. Alternative methods for handling inconsistencies affected estimates of incidence and prevalence. Inconsistencies also varied according to respondent race/ethnicity. Implications of these findings for program evaluation are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Fendrich, Michael and Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti. "Inconsistencies in Lifetime Cocaine and Marijuana Use Reports: Impact on Prevalence and Incidence." Addiction 90,1 (January 1995): 111-118.

5.	Fendrich, Michael Vaughn, Connie
5.	Diminished Lifetime Substance Use Over Time: A Validated Inquiry Into Differential Underreporting Public Opinion Quarterly 58,1 (Spring 1994): 96-123. Also: http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/1/96.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Keyword(s): Drug Use; Educational Attainment; Interviewing Method; Minorities; Racial Differences; Self-Reporting; Substance Use; Underreporting This study investigated underreporting of lifetime marijuana and cocaine use in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Unlike previous studies of substance use underreporting, this study validated reports by using responses provided at the initial interview as criteria. Comparing responses provided in 1988 with responses provided in 1984, this study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of two indicators of underreporting, including use denial and use reduction. At follow-up in 1988, a high rate of underreporting was evident for both marijuana and cocaine, with rates of use reduction observed for just under one-third of all 1984 marijuana users and just over one third of all 1984 cocaine users. Outright denial of use in 1988 was almost twice as prevalent among cocaine users as it was among marijuana users; nearly 19% of all cocaine users denied use at follow-up, compared to nearly 12% of all marijuana users. Correlates of underreporting varied by substance and by measure of underreporting. The most consistent correlates of underreporting were interview mode, race/ethnicity, and educational status. Those interviewed by telephone, minority respondents, and those with lower levels of education were more likely to underreport. Race/ethnicity effects were particularly striking in our analyses. Black respondents had at least twice the odds of underreporting compared to white/other respondents for every indicator of underreporting. Findings are compared to other recent research on underreporting and are discussed in the context of recent substance use prevalence findings.
	Bibliography Citation Fendrich, Michael and Connie Vaughn. "Diminished Lifetime Substance Use Over Time: A Validated Inquiry Into Differential Underreporting." Public Opinion Quarterly 58,1 (Spring 1994): 96-123.

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