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Author: Gangl, Markus
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Gangl, Markus
Ziefle, Andrea
Motherhood, Labor Force Behavior, and Women's Careers: An Empirical Assessment of the Wage Penalty for Motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States
Demography 46,2 (May 2009): 341-369.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/v826x34734746775/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): British Household Panel Survey (BHPS); Career Patterns; Cross-national Analysis; Discrimination, Sex; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Labor Market Demographics; Labor Market Studies, Geographic; Motherhood; Wage Differentials; Wage Levels; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty; Wages, Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using harmonized longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we trace career prospects after motherhood for five cohorts of American, British, and West German women around the 1960s. We establish wage penalties for motherhood between 9% and 18% per child, with wage losses among American and British mothers being lower than those experienced by mothers in Germany. Labor market mechanisms generating the observed wage penalty for motherhood differ markedly across countries, however. For British and American women, work interruptions and subsequent mobility into mother-friendly jobs fully account for mothers' wage losses. In contrast, respective penalties are considerably smaller in Germany, yet we observe a substantial residual wage penalty that is unaccounted for by mothers' observable labor market behavior. We interpret this finding as indicating a comparatively more pronounced role for statistical discrimination against mothers in the German labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Gangl, Markus and Andrea Ziefle. "Motherhood, Labor Force Behavior, and Women's Careers: An Empirical Assessment of the Wage Penalty for Motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States." Demography 46,2 (May 2009): 341-369.
2. Gangl, Markus
Ziefle, Andrea
Women's Cost of Child Care Breaks in Britain, Germany and the United States
Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 2006
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): British Household Panel Survey (BHPS); Career Patterns; Child Care; Cross-national Analysis; Discrimination, Sex; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Labor Market Demographics; Labor Market Studies, Geographic; Motherhood; Wage Effects

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The paper uses harmonized panel data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to address cross-national variation in the wage penalty associated with mothers' work interruptions due to child care. We establish significant and permanent wage losses due to child care breaks in all three countries under study, yet wage losses for mothers in Germany are less than half the U.S. figures. The key factor behind this result is the fact that women's post-birth mobility into more mother-friendly jobs generates significant wage cost to Ameri-can mothers, whereas, particularly among German mothers, job shifts are far less frequent and when occurring, typically associated with smaller wage losses. Nevertheless, child care breaks carry a significant wage penalty due to stigma effects in all three countries under study. Also, the total wage cost women are prepared to accept for childrearing is remarkably similar in the three countries.
Bibliography Citation
Gangl, Markus and Andrea Ziefle. "Women's Cost of Child Care Breaks in Britain, Germany and the United States." Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 2006.