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Author: Hai, Rong

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1.	Hai, Rong
1.	A Dynamic Model of Health, Education, and Wealth With Credit Constraints and Rational Addiction Presented: Chicago IL, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2017 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Credit/Credit Constraint; Educational Attainment; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Life Cycle Research; Wealth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper develops and structurally estimates a life-cycle model where health, education, and wealth are endogenous accumulated processes depending on the history of an individual's optimal behaviors, on parental factors, and on cognitive and noncognitive abilities. The model investigates different pathways between education, health, and wealth by introducing endogenous human capital production, health production, and addictive preferences of unhealthy behavior in the presence of credit constraints. The effects of education on health include both the direct benefits of improving health production efficiency and the indirect benefits of reducing unhealthy behavior and raising earnings. Using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97, we estimate the model using a two-step estimation procedure based on factor analysis and simulated method of moments. Using estimated model, we quantify the relative importance of socioeconomic determinants of human capital inequality and health inequality. We also use to model to conduct counterfactual policy experiments.
	Bibliography Citation Hai, Rong. "A Dynamic Model of Health, Education, and Wealth With Credit Constraints and Rational Addiction." Presented: Chicago IL, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2017.

2.	Hai, Rong Heckman, James J.
2.	Inequality in Human Capital and Endogenous Credit Constraints Review of Economic Dynamics 25 (April 2017): 4-36. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094202517300029 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Society for Economic Dynamics Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Behavior, Violent; Cognitive Ability; Credit/Credit Constraint; Debt/Borrowing; Educational Attainment; Human Capital; Net Worth; Parental Investments; Wealth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper investigates the determinants of inequality in human capital with an emphasis on the role of the credit constraints. We develop and estimate a model in which individuals face uninsured human capital risks and invest in education, acquire work experience, accumulate assets and smooth consumption. Agents can borrow from the private lending market and from government student loan programs. The private market credit limit is explicitly derived by extending the natural borrowing limit of Aiyagari (1994) to incorporate endogenous labor supply, human capital accumulation, psychic costs of working, and age. We quantify the effects of cognitive ability, noncognitive ability, parental education, and parental wealth on educational attainment, wages, and consumption. We conduct counterfactual experiments with respect to tuition subsidies and enhanced student loan limits and evaluate their effects on educational attainment and inequality. We compare the performance of our model with an influential ad hoc model in the literature with education-specific fixed loan limits. We find evidence of substantial life cycle credit constraints that affect human capital accumulation and inequality. The constrained fall into two groups: those who are permanently poor over their lifetimes and a group of well-endowed individuals with rising high levels of acquired skills who are constrained early in their life cycles. Equalizing cognitive and noncognitive ability has dramatic effects on inequality. Equalizing parental backgrounds has much weaker effects. Tuition costs have weak effects on inequality. Note: Previously published as NBER Working Paper No. 22999, December 2016.
	Bibliography Citation Hai, Rong and James J. Heckman. "Inequality in Human Capital and Endogenous Credit Constraints." Review of Economic Dynamics 25 (April 2017): 4-36.

3.	Hai, Rong Heckman, James J.
3.	The Causal Effects of Youth Cigarette Addiction and Education NBER Working Paper No. 30304, National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2022. Also: https://www.nber.org/papers/w30304 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Addiction; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Educational Attainment We develop and estimate a life-cycle model in a rational addiction framework where youth choose to smoke, attend school, work part-time, and consume while facing borrowing constraints. The model features multiple channels for studying the reciprocal causal effects of addiction and education. Variations in endowments and cigarette prices are sources of identification. We show that education causally reduces smoking. A counterfactual experiment finds that in absence of cigarettes, college attendance rises by three percentage points in the population. A practical alternative of 40% additional excise tax achieves similar results. Impacts vary substantially across persons of different cognitive and non-cognitive abilities.
	Bibliography Citation Hai, Rong and James J. Heckman. "The Causal Effects of Youth Cigarette Addiction and Education." NBER Working Paper No. 30304, National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2022.

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