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Author: Huang, Chien-Chung

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1.	Huang, Chien-Chung
1.	Effects of Child Support Enforcement on Pregnancy Intention Presented: Atlanta, GA, APPAM Annual Research Conference, October 2004. Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Child Support; Fathers Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Most previous studies on teenage fertility behaviors (e.g. pregnancy intention, contraceptive use, pregnancy, and births) have focused only on young women's beliefs, knowledge and behaviors and varying state welfare environments. Much of these studies fail to fully recognize the role of men in these relationships or to assess how government policies might affect men's behavior. Particularly lacking is any exploration of how government's inability to establish paternity and collect child support may contribute to men's failure to take responsibility for fertility and sexual activity. If young men realize that fathering a child incurs a financial obligation that lasts for up to eighteen years, they may be more likely to take responsibility in sexual behaviors (e.g. using contraception or reducing sexual activity). In turn, unintended pregnancies and teenage births may be reduced. That is, child support enforcement could be an important factor in preventing unintended pregnancy. However, this fundamentally empirical question has been left unanswered. This is the purpose of this project: to examine the effects of child support enforcement on intention of pregnancy? The data are based on the 1983 to 2000 waves of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). As the first study to examine specifically the effects of child support enforcement on youth pregnancy intention, the findings from this study fill an important gap in our knowledge about the impact of child support enforcement, particularly on young men's behavior. The findings will prove useful in shaping a public policy response that incorporates the realities of youth fertility and sexual activity.
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung. "Effects of Child Support Enforcement on Pregnancy Intention." Presented: Atlanta, GA, APPAM Annual Research Conference, October 2004.

2.	Huang, Chien-Chung
2.	Pregnancy Intention from Men's Perspectives: Does Child Support Enforcement Matter? Working Paper, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, October 2004. Also: http://www.spsw.ncnu.edu.tw/newdesign/spsw1/doc/cs_pregnancy_appam.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: School of Social Work, Rutgers University Keyword(s): Fertility; Male Sample; Wantedness Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Most previous studies on pregnancy intention focused on only women's characteristics although decisions about sexual activity and contraceptive use involve two people not just one. This paper uses the 1982-2002 waves of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies from the men's perspective and investigate the association between state child support enforcement and unwanted pregnancies. The results find that the proportion of births from unwanted pregnancies was high for never-married men, 46 percent, and that strong child support enforcement was associated with a lower likelihood of unwanted pregnancies. The results suggest that strengthening child support enforcement not only has a direct impact on increasing the economic well-being of children in single-parent families, but also has an indirect effect on preventing unwanted pregnancies and births.
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung. "Pregnancy Intention from Men's Perspectives: Does Child Support Enforcement Matter?" Working Paper, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, October 2004.

3.	Huang, Chien-Chung
3.	Pregnancy Intention from Men's Perspectives: Does Child Support Enforcement Matter? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37,3 (September 2005): 119-124. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1363/3711905/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Keyword(s): Child Support; Children, Well-Being; Contraception; Modeling, Logit; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Sexual Activity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. CONTEXT: Most research on pregnancy intention has focused on women's perspectives and characteristics. Because decisions about sexual activity and contraceptive use usually involve both men and women, it is important to understand factors associated with men's intentions--for example, child support enforcement--to maximize the potential for reducing unwanted pregnancies. METHODS: Data from the 1982-2002 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used in multinomial logit analyses to examine the determinants of pregnancy intention from men's perspectives. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of pregnancies reported by never-married men were unwanted, compared with 21% of those reported by married men. Stronger child support enforcement was marginally associated with men's decreased likelihood of being involved in an unwanted pregnancy compared with no pregnancy (coefficient, -0.14) and of being involved in an unwanted pregnancy compared with a wanted pregnancy (-0.15). Without the improvement of child support enforcement over the survey period, the rate of unwanted pregnancies would have been an estimated 7% higher than the observed rate. CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening child support enforcement may have a positive impact on preventing unwanted pregnancies. Programs designed to reduce unwanted pregnancies and nonmarital births should include information on child support enforcement to increase their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung. "Pregnancy Intention from Men's Perspectives: Does Child Support Enforcement Matter?" Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37,3 (September 2005): 119-124.

4.	Huang, Chien-Chung
4.	The Impact of Child Support Enforcement on Nonmarital and Marital Births: Does It Differ by Racial and Age Groups? Social Service Review 76,2 (June 2002): 275-301. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/339666 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Child Support; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Divorce; Marital Status; Marriage; Racial Differences; Teenagers; Women Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this article provides evidence that women who live in states with effective child-support enforcement, measured as both strict child-support legislation and high child-support expenditure, are more likely to have marital births and less likely to have nonmarital births. The findings suggest that the deterrence effect of child-support enforcement on men dominates the opposite effect of enforcement on women. For African-American women, effective child-support enforcement is estimated to decrease nonmarital births strongly. For white women, enforcement is estimated to increase marital births largely.
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung. "The Impact of Child Support Enforcement on Nonmarital and Marital Births: Does It Differ by Racial and Age Groups?" Social Service Review 76,2 (June 2002): 275-301.

5.	Huang, Chien-Chung
5.	The Impact of Child Support on Enforcement of Nonmarital and Marital Births: Is It Different by Racial and Age Groups? Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2001 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Child Support; Fertility; Marital Status; Neighborhood Effects; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using the 1979 through 1998 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLSY), this paper provides evidence that women who lived in states with effective child support enforcement, measured by both strict child support legislatives and high child support expenditure, were more likely to have marital births and less likely to have nonmarital births. The findings suggest the deterrence effects of child support enforcement on men dominate the opposite effects on women. The impacts of child support enforcement differ by racial and age groups. For post-teenage Black women, effective child support enforcement had strong effects on decreasing nonmarital births, but not on increasing marital births. The impact goes the opposite way for post-teenage non-Black women. The insignificant effects of child support enforcement on teenage women, however, warrant further analysis in order to determine the cause.
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung. "The Impact of Child Support on Enforcement of Nonmarital and Marital Births: Is It Different by Racial and Age Groups?" Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 2001.

6.	Huang, Chien-Chung Han, Wen-Jui
6.	Child Support Enforcement and Sexual Activity of Male Adolescents Journal of Marriage and Family 69,3 (August 2007): 69-72. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4622479 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Child Support; Contraception; Ethnic Differences; Fathers and Sons; Sexual Behavior Strong child support enforcement requires fathers to take financial responsibility for their children and may also encourage more responsible sexual behavior. Using the 1997 – 2001 waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 4,272), this article examines the association between child support enforcement and the sexual activity of male adolescents. Stronger child support enforcement was associated with fewer sexual partners, less frequent sexual intercourse, and a higher likelihood of using contraceptive methods among adolescents who had had sexual intercourse in the 12 months preceding data collection. The effects of child support enforcement were particularly strong for non-White adolescents and those living in high-poverty areas. These findings suggest that strengthening child support enforcement may be associated with reductions in some aspects of male adolescents' sexual activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Marriage & Family is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)
	Bibliography Citation Huang, Chien-Chung and Wen-Jui Han. "Child Support Enforcement and Sexual Activity of Male Adolescents." Journal of Marriage and Family 69,3 (August 2007): 69-72.

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