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Author: Hyman, Joshua
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Hyman, Joshua |
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Education Policy and Mental Health Presented: Chicago IL, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Annual Fall Research Conference, November 2017 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Anxiety; Geocoded Data; Health, Mental/Psychological; Legislation; School Performance; Testing Requirements; Tests and Testing Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. To examine the effect of statewide testing on children's mental health, I create a dataset documenting which states required statewide testing in which grades from 1985 to 2012. I use mental health measures for 9,260 children in public elementary and secondary school during this period from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979 (CNLSY79). I conduct a difference-in-differences style analysis, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in student exposure to state-mandated testing across states, grades, and student cohorts. I find that cumulative exposure to testing, defined as the fraction of grades through the present in which a child was exposed to testing, increases anxiety and reduces children's satisfaction with school. However, I find no detectable effects of cumulative testing exposure on broader measures of overall mental health among children or adolescents, such as measures of behavioral issues, self-esteem or depression. The results confirm anecdotal evidence that testing has increased anxiety among children, but at the same time alleviates concerns that these increases led to meaningful deteriorations in children's mental health. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hyman, Joshua. "Education Policy and Mental Health." Presented: Chicago IL, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Annual Fall Research Conference, November 2017. |
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Hyman, Joshua |
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Identifying the Channels Through Which Head Start Affects Long-Term Outcomes Presented: Washington, DC, Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness 2011 Meetings, March 3-5, 2011. Also: http://www.sree.org/conferences/2011/program/ Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Drug Use; Head Start; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Preschool Children; Risk-Taking; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC); Temperament Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) Mother-Child supplement. The children observed in this data attend Head Start in hundreds of different classrooms and Head Start centers throughout the United States. In this quasi-experimental study, I attempt to eliminate selection bias is by including family fixed effects. The use of family fixed effects implies that I am looking within a particular family and comparing the outcomes of those children who attended Head Start versus those who did not. This eliminates all potential biases, both observable and unobservable, that are constant across the children within the family, such as characteristics of the mother and family that are time invariant or at least determined before the children were born. For adolescents ages 14-17, I use three direct measures of non-cognitive traits - the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Pearlin Locus of Control Scale, and CES Depression Scale. Locus of control measures the degree to which a person believes that they can control the events that affect them. I also use two proxies for non-cognitive skills among adolescents ages 14-17. I construct a measure of risk aversion based off of 6 questions gauging attitudes toward risktaking. I also create a variable for drug and alcohol use, which is similar to that of the younger children. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hyman, Joshua. "Identifying the Channels Through Which Head Start Affects Long-Term Outcomes." Presented: Washington, DC, Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness 2011 Meetings, March 3-5, 2011. |