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Author: Kahn, Lawrence M.

Resulting in 11 citations.

1.	Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M.
1.	Causes and Consequences of Layoffs Economic Inquiry 19,2 (April 1981): 270-296. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1981.tb01134.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Job Turnover; Layoffs; Modeling, Probit; Unemployment Using probit analysis, this article finds that differential treatment accounts for a substantial portion of the higher layoff rates of blacks in comparison to whites. However, women are found to be considerably less prone to layoffs than men with similar characteristics. Among those who obtained subsequent employment (taking into account the possible selectivity bias in such a subsample), white males are hurt more by layoffs than black males in terms of both short-term and long-term earnings growth; women's earnings are not necessarily affected by layoff at all. However, whites and males are found to be more likely to be reemployed than blacks and females, respectively.
	Bibliography Citation Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Causes and Consequences of Layoffs." Economic Inquiry 19,2 (April 1981): 270-296.

2.	Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M.
2.	Determinants and Consequences of Obtaining Unionized Employment Mimeo, Santa Barbara CA: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, 1979 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara Keyword(s): Earnings; Employment; Job Search; Unemployment; Unions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The report examines the union impact on job search. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men and Young Women, the study finds that other things equal, the probability that a job changer obtains a union rather than a nonunion job is negatively associated with the number of weeks of unemployed search between jobs. This finding is consistent with a systematic search model. Searchers have prior information about the firms being sampled. To maximize expected wealth, job seekers contact high wage (union) firms before low wage (nonunion) firms. An inverse relationship between search time and unionism results. This finding further implies that existing estimates of union-nonunion wage differentials underestimate the total union effect when search time is taken into account. The difference in expected wage offers for union and nonunion jobs confronting searchers is found to be 24.9%.
	Bibliography Citation Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Determinants and Consequences of Obtaining Unionized Employment." Mimeo, Santa Barbara CA: Community and Organization Research Institute, University of California, 1979.

3.	Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M.
3.	Job Search and Unionized Employment Economic Inquiry 21,3 (July 1983): 412-430. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00159.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Job Search; Unemployment; Unions; Wages; Wages, Reservation This study examines the relationship between job search and obtaining a union job. The findings indicate that the presence of a union-nonunion wage differential causes workers to seek high paying union jobs. The results further show that finding a union job is negatively related to weeks of unemployed search, and positively related to a job seeker's other family income, other things equal. In other words, a higher reservation wage increases the likelihood of obtaining unionized employment.
	Bibliography Citation Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Job Search and Unionized Employment." Economic Inquiry 21,3 (July 1983): 412-430.

4.	Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M.
4.	Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34,4 (July 1981): 563-577. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2522478 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University Keyword(s): Children; Earnings; Heterogeneity; Job Training; Marital Status; Quits; Racial Differences; Unemployment; Unions This study uses data from the NLS of Young Men and Women to analyze race and sex differences in the probability and consequences of quitting. The authors find that overall quit rates in this group are higher for women than for men and about the same for blacks and whites. When several personal and job characteristics are held constant, however, the quit rates of young men and women are about the same and young blacks actually quit less frequently than young whites. When an instrumental variable approach is used to account for sample heterogeneity, it is found that, for all race and sex groups, quitting improved both current wages and long-term earnings prospects. Further, the improvement in long- term earnings prospects is found to be greater than the gain in current earnings, suggesting that training opportunities are an important consideration in the job shifts of all young people.
	Bibliography Citation Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34,4 (July 1981): 563-577.

5.	Blau, Francine D. Kahn, Lawrence M.
5.	Unionism, Seniority and Turnover Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 22,3 (September 1983): 362-373. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1983.tb00941.x/abstract Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Job Tenure; Job Turnover; Layoffs; Quits; Unions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper tests the exit-voice model by estimating the union effect on quits and total, temporary and permanent layoffs separately for older (i.e., more senior) and younger (i.e., more junior) men. The results are supportive of the exit-voice model. First, unions are found to have a much larger (in absolute value) negative effective effect on older than on younger men's quitting, and to raise young men's total layoffs to a greater extent than older men's. Further, although unions have large significant positive effects on temporary layoffs for both male cohorts, collective bargaining was found to raise young men's and lower older men's permanent layoffs.
	Bibliography Citation Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. "Unionism, Seniority and Turnover." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 22,3 (September 1983): 362-373.

6.	Kahn, Lawrence M.
6.	Union Strength and Wage Inflation Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 18,2 (March 1979): 144-155. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1979.tb00967.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Blue-Collar Jobs; Inflation; Unions; Wage Growth; Wage Rates Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The hypothesis that the effect of union strength on wage inflation differs according to overall economic conditions is tested using ordinary least squares regression analysis of data for a period of relatively high employment (1968-1969) and for a period of recession (1970-71). In general, the results indicate that union strength has a rather small, but positive, impact on wage inflation for union members during periods of economic expansion and a similar moderate and positive effect on wages for non-union and union workers during recessionary periods.
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. "Union Strength and Wage Inflation." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 18,2 (March 1979): 144-155.

7.	Kahn, Lawrence M.
7.	Wage Growth and Endogenous Experience Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 19,1 (January 1980): 50-63. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1980.tb00152.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Business Cycles; Endogeneity; Job Tenure; Marital Status; Military Service; Wage Growth; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study uses the NLS of Young Men and Women to estimate the effect of the accumulation of employment experience on wage growth. Unlike previous work on wage growth, the endogeneity of experience is explicitly taken into account through the use of two-stage least squares. Comparison of OLS and 2SLS suggests the existence of a reciprocal impact between wage growth and experience. In addition, the effects of business cycle conditions on wage growth are examined by race-sex group. Knowledge of such effects can be useful in evaluating the impact of a full-employment national economic policy on labor market inequality.
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. "Wage Growth and Endogenous Experience." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 19,1 (January 1980): 50-63.

8.	Kahn, Lawrence M. Low, Stuart A.
8.	An Empirical Model of Employed Search, Unemployed Search, and Nonsearch Journal of Human Resources 19,1 (Winter 1983): 104-117. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/145419 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Employment; Job Search; Public Sector; Unemployment; Wages The 1969-1971 NLS of Young Men were used to study the employed worker's choice among employed search, unemployed search, and not searching for a new job. It was assumed that an unobserved variable, search intensity, governs this choice such that unemployed search involves a greater intensity than employed search, which, of course, is associated with greater intensity than nonsearch. The principal results are that current wages, seniority, collective bargaining coverage, employment outside construction, and employment by government are each, ceteris paribus, negatively associated with search intensity. Further, each of these variables lowers the probability of not searching and raises the probabilities of employed and unemployed job search.
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. and Stuart A. Low. "An Empirical Model of Employed Search, Unemployed Search, and Nonsearch." Journal of Human Resources 19,1 (Winter 1983): 104-117.

9.	Kahn, Lawrence M. Low, Stuart A.
9.	The Demand for Labor Market Information Southern Economic Journal 56,4 (April 1990): 1044-1058. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1059890 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Behavior; Job Search; Unemployment Insurance; Wages A model of the job seeker's demand for the labor market information provided by intermediaries is developed and tested. The value of using such indirect search methods is that one can increase knowledge about particular firms' potential offers. The model predicts that several factors raise the likelihood of using indirect search methods: (1) a lower stock of firm-specific information; (2) a lower discount rate; (3) greater unemployment insurance (UI) coverage; and (4) higher variance of one's wage offer distribution. These predictions are tested on the 1981 wave of the NLSY cohort aged 14-21 in 1979. Empirical support is found for the impact of information stock, UI coverage, and wage offer variance. The results for UI illustrate that UI affects job search behavior, in addition to its macroeconomic role. The effects of offer variance and information stock suggest some mechanisms that limit the amount of wage inequality unexplained by productivity differences. [ABI/INFORM]
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. and Stuart A. Low. "The Demand for Labor Market Information." Southern Economic Journal 56,4 (April 1990): 1044-1058.

10.	Kahn, Lawrence M. Low, Stuart A.
10.	The Relative Effects of Employed and Unemployed Job Search Review of Economics and Statistics 64,2 (May 1982): 234-241. Also: http://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v64y1982i2p234-41.html Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Harvard University Press Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Endogeneity; Job Search; Job Tenure; Quits; Unemployment; Unions; Wages; Wages, Reservation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper uses the NLS of Young Men to estimate the relative wage effects of employed and unemployed job search. Unemployed search in principle allows one to contact more firms per unit of time than employed search; however, unemployed search also implies foregone wages. Because search mode (i.e., employed vs. unemployed) results from a worker choice process, the endogeneity of search mode must be taken into account in estimating the relative wage effects of the two search modes. Using selectivity-bias correction techniques, it is found that unemployed search yields about a 10 percent higher expected wage offer than employed search.
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. and Stuart A. Low. "The Relative Effects of Employed and Unemployed Job Search." Review of Economics and Statistics 64,2 (May 1982): 234-241.

11.	Kahn, Lawrence M. Low, Stuart A.
11.	The Wage Impacts of Job Search Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 21,1 (January 1982): 53-61. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1982.tb00214.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Endogeneity; Job Search; Quits; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This research, unlike studies of the return to quitting, accounts for search that does and search that does not lead to job change. More importantly, unlike all previous studies of the return to quitting (except Blau and Kahn, 1981), and unlike Black (1980), this study controls for the endogeneity of the search decision in estimating its wage effects. It is found that when the endogeneity of the search decision is taken into account, search does yield a greater expected wage offer than would have been obtained in the absence of search. The importance of controlling for selectivity bias (between searchers and nonsearchers) is underscored by the negative estimated effect of search using single equation methods. In addition, several of the single equation quit studies (Bartel and Borjas, 1977; Cooke, 1979, 1980; Black, 1980) found negative returns to quitting (and Black's results for the wage effects of search also sometimes indicated a negative return). Although there may also be nonpecuniary or long run wage returns to searching, selectivity bias corrected results suggest that there is an immediate wage payoff to search activity.
	Bibliography Citation Kahn, Lawrence M. and Stuart A. Low. "The Wage Impacts of Job Search." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 21,1 (January 1982): 53-61.

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