Search Results
Author: Kawachi, Ichiro
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Gero, Krisztina Noubary, Farzad Kawachi, Ichiro Baum, Christopher F. Wallace, Robert B. Briesacher, Becky A. Kim, Daniel |
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Associations of State-level and County-level Hate Crimes with Individual-level Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Prospective Cohort Study of middle-aged Americans: the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979 BMJ Open 12,1 (2022): DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054360. Also: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e054360 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Ltd. - British Medical Journal Publishing Group Keyword(s): Crime; Geocoded Data; Health, Chronic Conditions; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Obesity; State-Level Data/Policy Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Background: There have been long-standing debates about the potential health consequences of hate crimes over and above other types of crimes. Besides the direct consequences for victims, less is known about whether hate crimes have spillover effects onto the health of local residents. Methods: We drew data on cardiovascular disease risk factors from middle-aged Americans in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979 and on hate crimes from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports. Employing multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the associations between changes in state/county-level all and group-specific hate crime rates from 2000 to 2006 and incident individual-level diabetes, hypertension, obesity and depressive symptoms from 2008 to 2016. All models controlled for individual-level sociodemographic factors and financial strain, county-level and state-level changes in the total crime rate, the percentage of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino residents, and median household income, as well as state-level changes in the percentage of residents aged 65 years or older and the unemployment rate. Results: 1-SD increases in state-level all and race/ethnicity-based hate crime rates were associated with 20% (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.35) and 15% higher odds (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31) of incident diabetes, respectively. At the county level, a 1-SD increase in the all hate crime rate was linked to 8% higher odds (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16) of obesity, while a 1-SD increase in the race/ethnicity-based hate crime rate was associated with 8% higher odds (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15) of obesity and 9% higher odds (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17) of hypertension. We found no significant associations for depressive symptoms, and no interactions between race/ethnicity-based hate crime rates and individual-level race/ethnicity. |
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Bibliography Citation
Gero, Krisztina, Farzad Noubary, Ichiro Kawachi, Christopher F. Baum, Robert B. Wallace, Becky A. Briesacher and Daniel Kim. "Associations of State-level and County-level Hate Crimes with Individual-level Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Prospective Cohort Study of middle-aged Americans: the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979." BMJ Open 12,1 (2022): DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054360.
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Rodgers, Justin Briesacher, Becky A. Wallace, Robert B. Kawachi, Ichiro Baum, Christopher F. Kim, Daniel |
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County-level Housing Affordability in Relation to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Middle-aged Adults: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979 Health and Place 59 (September 2019): DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102194. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829218311791 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Geocoded Data; Health, Chronic Conditions; Household Income; Housing/Housing Characteristics/Types; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Obesity Using a nationally-representative sample of middle-aged adults from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979 (NLSY79) and exploiting quasi-experimental variation before and after the Great Recession, we estimated the associations between the change in median county-level percentage of household income spent on housing (rent/mortgage) between 2000 and 2008 and individual-level risks of incident hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and depression from 2008 to 2014. We employed conditional fixed effects logistic regression models to reduce bias due to time-invariant confounding. |
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Bibliography Citation
Rodgers, Justin, Becky A. Briesacher, Robert B. Wallace, Ichiro Kawachi, Christopher F. Baum and Daniel Kim. "County-level Housing Affordability in Relation to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Middle-aged Adults: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979." Health and Place 59 (September 2019): DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102194.
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