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Author: Koball, Heather

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1.	Acs, Gregory P. Koball, Heather
1.	TANF and the Status of Teen Mothers Under Age 18 Urban Institute Research Brief, No. A-62 in Series, "New Federalism: Issues and Options for States", June 2003. Also: http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=310796 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Urban Institute Keyword(s): Childbearing, Adolescent; Mothers; Mothers, Adolescent; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Program Participation/Evaluation; Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); Welfare The authors find that, in the short term, there is no evidence that minor teen mothers were harmed or helped much by residency and activity requirements in TANF or even by welfare reform policies in general. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort, they find few significant differences in minor teen birth rates, living arrangements, and school enrollment between 1997 and 2000. While not significant, the trends are consistent with the goal of welfare reform to reduce teen childbearing. Although their receipt of cash assistance has dropped significantly, about 80 percent of minor teen moms receive some form of public assistance.
	Bibliography Citation Acs, Gregory P. and Heather Koball. "TANF and the Status of Teen Mothers Under Age 18." Urban Institute Research Brief, No. A-62 in Series, "New Federalism: Issues and Options for States", June 2003.

2.	Koball, Heather
2.	Living Arrangements and School Dropout among Minor Mothers Following Welfare Reform Social Science Quarterly 88,5 (December 2007): 1374-1391. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00507.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Coresidence; High School Dropouts; Mothers, Adolescent; National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS); Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Welfare Objectives. The 1996 welfare reform laws required that parents under the age of 18 live with their parents or an adult relative and enroll in school to be eligible for welfare benefits. This study examines whether minor mothers were less likely to drop out of school and more likely to live with parents following welfare reform. Methods. Data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey 1988 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 were used in difference-in-difference analyses. Results. Following welfare reform, minor mothers' co-residence with parents increased and their drop-out rates decreased. Conclusions. Welfare reform requirements are associated with changes in living arrangements and drop-out rates of minor mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)
	Bibliography Citation Koball, Heather. "Living Arrangements and School Dropout among Minor Mothers Following Welfare Reform." Social Science Quarterly 88,5 (December 2007): 1374-1391.

3.	Koball, Heather
3.	Young Fathers' Involvement with Fragile Families: A Longitudinal Analysis Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Characteristics; Family Formation; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Involvement; Parental Marital Status Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Research shows that the majority of unwed parents create fragile families at the time of their child's birth. Fragile families include unmarried parents who cohabit or who live apart with frequent visitation. Within a few years, however, many unwed fathers have dropped out of the lives of their children and their children's mothers. This study uses longitudinal data to examine factors that predict young men's likelihood of forming fragile families and remaining involved in these families. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Two research questions are addressed. One, what individual, family, and community characteristics are associated with a young man's likelihood of forming a fragile family? Two, what characteristics predict whether a nonmarital father will remain involved in his child's life, either through marriage, cohabitation, or through frequent visitation with his child?
	Bibliography Citation Koball, Heather. "Young Fathers' Involvement with Fragile Families: A Longitudinal Analysis." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, May 2002.

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