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Author: Kruttschnitt, Candace

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Dornfeld, Maude Kruttschnitt, Candace
1.	Do the Stereotypes fit? Mapping Gender-Specific Outcomes and Risk Factors Criminology 30,3 (1992): 397-419. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01110.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Differences; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. It has generally been accepted that boys and girls differ in their behavioral and emotional responses to stressful family events. These gender differences could be due to either different family risk factors affecting boys and girls or to boys coping differently in response to the same negative family events. These two alternative hypotheses form the basis of our analysis. Specifically, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we assess whether and how (I) marital discord, (2) marital stability and change, (3) harsh discipline, and (4) maternal deviance impact three different outcomes for males and females: delinquency, alcohol use, and depression. Multivariate analyses reveal that, although females generally display more vulnerabilities to specific dimensions of family life than males, the responses to these risk factors are not constrained to gender-stereotypic outcomes
	Bibliography Citation Dornfeld, Maude and Candace Kruttschnitt. "Do the Stereotypes fit? Mapping Gender-Specific Outcomes and Risk Factors." Criminology 30,3 (1992): 397-419.

2.	Heimer, Karen Kruttschnitt, Candace
2.	Gender and Crime : Patterns in Victimization and Offending New York, NY: New York University Press, 2005 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: New York University Press Keyword(s): Crime; Gender Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. See chapter, "Making Sense of Intersections" / Sally S. Simpson and Carole Gibbs Introduction : New insights into the gendered nature of crime and victimization / Karen Heimer and Candace Kruttschnitt -- In and out of crime : a life course perspective on girls' delinquency / Peggy C. Giordano, Jill A. Deines, and Stephen A. Cernkovich -- Stuck up, telling lies, and talking too much : the gendered context of young women's violence / Jody Miller and Christopher W. Mullins -- No place for girls to go : how juvenile court officials respond to substance abuse among girls and boys / Hilary Smith, Nancy Rodriguez, and Marjorie S. Zatz -- Killing one's children : maternal infanticide and the dark figure of homicide / Rosemary Gartner and Bill McCarthy -- The crimes of poverty : economic marginalization and the gender gap in crime / Karen Heimer, Stacy Wittrock, and Halime Unal -- The violent victimization of women : a life course perspective / Candace Kruttschnitt and Ross Macmillan -- Predictors of violent victimization : national crime victimization survey women and jailed women / Laura Dugan and Jennifer L. Castro -- Female and male homicide victimization trends : a cross-national context / Gary LaFree and Gwen Hunnicutt -- Restorative justice for victims of sexual assault / Kathleen Daly and Sarah Curtis-Fawley -- Making sense of intersections / Sally S. Simpson and Carole Gibbs -- The role of race and ethnicity in violence against women / Janet L. Lauritsen and Callie Marie Rennison.
	Bibliography Citation Heimer, Karen and Candace Kruttschnitt. Gender and Crime : Patterns in Victimization and Offending. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2005.

3.	Kruttschnitt, Candace McLeod, Jane D. Dornfeld, Maude
3.	Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children? Working Paper No. 91-4, Life Course Center, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: University of Minnesota Press Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavior, Antisocial; Behavioral Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Drug Use; Fathers, Absence; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Marital Disruption; Marital Status; Parental Influences; Parents, Single; Poverty; Racial Differences This study examines the interrelationships among social locations, parenting and antisocial behavior for both black and white children. Based on previous theoretical formulations, the authors hypothesized that the effects of social locations on children's antisocial behavior would be mediated by parenting processes and would vary by racial group. Despite minor race differences in the processes linking social locations to antisocial behavior, the general structure of these processes are quite similar for blacks and whites. Specifically, among children of both races, parenting behaviors offer a nearly complete explanation for the higher levels of antisocial behavior observed among poor children. Similar results do not appear for the other social locations that were examined. Parenting behaviors explained relatively little of the relationship between marital disruptions and antisocial behavior and maternal deviance and antisocial behavior, regardless of race.
	Bibliography Citation Kruttschnitt, Candace, Jane D. McLeod and Maude Dornfeld. "Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children?" Working Paper No. 91-4, Life Course Center, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 1991.

4.	Macmillan, Ross McMorris, Barbara J. Kruttschnitt, Candace
4.	Linked Lives: Stability and Change in Maternal Circumstances and Trajectories of Antisocial Behavior in Children Child Development 75,1 (January/February 2004): 205-220. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00664.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavior, Antisocial; Children, Adjustment Problems; Family Influences; Life Course; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Poverty Drawing on the notion of linked lives, this study examined the effects of stability and change in maternal circumstance on developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior in children 4 to 7 years of age. Using data from a national sample of young mothers and growth curve analysis, the study demonstrated that early maternal circumstances influences early antisocial behavior, whereas stability and change in these circumstances both exacerbate and ameliorate behavior problems. Of particular note, meaningful escape from poverty attenuates antisocial behavior whereas persistence in poverty or long-term movement into poverty intensifies such problems. These findings highlight the importance of structural context for parenting practices and the need to consider child development in light of dynamic and changing life-course fortunes of parents.
	Bibliography Citation Macmillan, Ross, Barbara J. McMorris and Candace Kruttschnitt. "Linked Lives: Stability and Change in Maternal Circumstances and Trajectories of Antisocial Behavior in Children." Child Development 75,1 (January/February 2004): 205-220.

5.	McLeod, Jane D. Kruttschnitt, Candace Dornfeld, Maude
5.	Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children's Antisocial Behavior? A Comparison of Blacks and Whites Social Forces 73,2 (December 1994): 575-604. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579822 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavior, Antisocial; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Fathers, Absence; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Disruption; Marital Status; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Parents, Single; Poverty; Punishment, Corporal; Racial Differences; Scale Construction; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Evaluated race differences in the processes that link poverty and single parenthood to antisocial behavior, drawing on conceptual models that link structural conditions to children's well-being through the mediating influences of parental distress and unsupportive parenting. On the basis of data from the 1988 Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data set, it was found that the total effects of poverty and single parenthood on parenting practices, and of parenting practices on antisocial behavior, do not differ significantly by race. However, the processes that create those effects do vary by race. Parenting practices and antisocial behavior are reciprocally related for Whites, but parenting practices do not significantly predict antisocial behavior for Blacks. ((c) 1997 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved):
	Bibliography Citation McLeod, Jane D., Candace Kruttschnitt and Maude Dornfeld. "Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children's Antisocial Behavior? A Comparison of Blacks and Whites." Social Forces 73,2 (December 1994): 575-604.

6.	McLeod, Jane D. Kruttschnitt, Candace Dornfeld, Maude
6.	Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children's Antisocial Behavior? A Comparison of Blacks and Whites Working Paper, Minneapolis, MN: Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Alcohol Use; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Well-Being; Deviance; Fathers, Absence; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Marital Status; Parents, Single; Poverty; Racial Differences; Welfare; Well-Being Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Despite the fact that black children are disproportionately likely to live in poverty and with single mothers, evidence about the effects of those experiences on antisocial behavior is based largely on samples of white children. We draw on conceptual models which link structural conditions to children's well-being through the mediating influences of parental distress and unsupportive parenting, to evaluate race differences in the processes which link poverty and single parenthood to antisocial behavior. Based on data from the 1988 Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data set, the effects of poverty and single-parenthood on parenting, and of parenting on antisocial behavior, do not differ significantly by race. Furthermore, variations in parenting account for some, but not all, of the effects of structural condition on antisocial behavior in both groups.
	Bibliography Citation McLeod, Jane D., Candace Kruttschnitt and Maude Dornfeld. "Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children's Antisocial Behavior? A Comparison of Blacks and Whites." Working Paper, Minneapolis, MN: Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 1993.

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