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Author: Luster, Thomas

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1.	Baharudin, Rozumah Luster, Thomas
1.	Factors Related to the Quality of the Home Environment and Children's Achievement Journal of Family Issues 19,4 (July 1998): 375-403. Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/19/4/375.abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Education; Ethnic Differences; Family Income; Family Structure; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Racial Differences; Self-Esteem Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study tested Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the study focused on 898 mothers (African Americans, n = 347; Caucasians, n = 551) and their 6- to 8-year-old children. Consistent with Belsky's model, mothers who provided better quality home environments had higher levels of education, intelligence, and self-esteem. Mothers with higher family incomes, fewer children. and higher marital quality provided more supportive home environments. In addition, age and gender of the children were significantly related to the quality of the children's home environments. Additional analyses indicated that the quality of the home environment that mothers of both ethnic groups provided was related to their children's achievement.
	Bibliography Citation Baharudin, Rozumah and Thomas Luster. "Factors Related to the Quality of the Home Environment and Children's Achievement." Journal of Family Issues 19,4 (July 1998): 375-403.

2.	Casady (a.K.A. Nievar), M. Angela Luster, Thomas
2.	Correlates of Academic Achievement Among African-American Children Presented: East Lansing, MI, Paolucci Symposium, IV Annual, April 2002 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Author Keyword(s): CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Parenthood; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Racial Studies; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study focused on hypotheses about the contributions of socioeconomic disadvantage, maternal depression, and parenting to the academic achievement of African American children. Most research on the effects of the environment on African American children has focused on those living in densely populated inner cities. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, we obtained a sample of 853 children that is more closely representative of the diversity that exists among African American families. We adapted McLoyd's (1990) model of economic hardship and socioemotional development of African American children in order to examine correlates of academic achievement in African American families. McLoyd's model, based on a review of previous literature, suggested that economic hardship increased parental psychological distress and which in turn resulted in less supportive parental behavior. Our data analyses examined correlates of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, two standardized measures of children's language ability and academic achievement, for African American children between the ages of 4 and 9. Because chronic poverty tends to have different effects than transitory poverty (Duncan et al., 1984), we combined three consecutive years of poverty status as a measurement of economic hardship. The Center for Epidemiological Studies--Depression, a self-report measure of maternal depression, and a short form of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, an observation and survey of the home environment, measured parental psychological distress and parenting practices. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that African American children's academic success is related to lower maternal depression, fewer years in poverty, and a positive home environment.
	Bibliography Citation Casady (a.K.A. Nievar), M. Angela and Thomas Luster. "Correlates of Academic Achievement Among African-American Children." Presented: East Lansing, MI, Paolucci Symposium, IV Annual, April 2002.

3.	Casady, M. Angela Luster, Thomas
3.	Poverty and the Development of African American Children: Testing an Adaptation of McLloyd's Theoretical Model with the NLSY Presented: Tampa, FL, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, April 2003. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Poverty; Depression (see also CESD); Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Conflict; Marital Stability; Poverty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Based on McLoyd's (1990) model of African American children's development, this study examined the linkages between poverty, maternal psychological distress, marital conflict, the home environment, and children's outcomes among a sample of 805 African American 4- to 9-year-olds whose families were interviewed in 1992 as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Findings revealed that poverty, psychological distress (as measured by maternal depression and low mastery), and a relatively unsupportive home environment increased the risk of child behavior problems. Contrary to expectations, the path between marital conflict and child behavior problems was not significant in this sample. An adaptation of McLoyd's model examined predictors of children's receptive vocabulary, indicating a direct effect of poverty on children's vocabulary even when maternal academic aptitude and HOME environment assessments were controlled.
	Bibliography Citation Casady, M. Angela and Thomas Luster. "Poverty and the Development of African American Children: Testing an Adaptation of McLloyd's Theoretical Model with the NLSY." Presented: Tampa, FL, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, April 2003.

4.	Dubow, Eric F. Luster, Thomas
4.	Adjustment of Children Born to Teenage Mothers: The Contribution of Risk and Protective Factors Journal of Marriage and Family 52,2 (May 1990): 393-404. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353034 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Educational Attainment; Geographical Variation; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Mothers; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC); Urbanization/Urban Living This study was undertaken to examine the contribution of risk and protective factors in the adjustment of children born to teenage mothers. Using NLSY child data, information was obtained on a subset of 721 children ages 8-15 and their mothers. Results showed that several risk factors (e.g., poverty status, urban residence, mother's self-esteem) were modestly related to children's academic and behavioral adjustment. Exposure to increasing numbers of risk factors was associated with greater vulnerability to adjustment problems. Several protective factors (e.g., intelligence, self-esteem, quality of the home environment) were also modestly related to children's adjustment, and enhanced the prediction of adjustment above and beyond the contribution of the risk factors. For children exposed to risk, the presence of the protective factors reduced their vulnerability to academic and behavioral difficulties.
	Bibliography Citation Dubow, Eric F. and Thomas Luster. "Adjustment of Children Born to Teenage Mothers: The Contribution of Risk and Protective Factors." Journal of Marriage and Family 52,2 (May 1990): 393-404.

5.	Hannan, Kristi Luster, Thomas
5.	Influence of Parent, Child and Contextual Factors on the Quality of the Home Environment Infant Mental Health Journal 12,1 (Spring 1991): 17-30 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: CPPC for the Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health, etc Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Bias Decomposition; Children; Children, Home Environment; Family Influences; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Parental Influences; Temperament Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their infants. Data from the Children of the NLSY on 602 mothers with infants between 12 and 23 months of age were used for this study. Consistent with Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting, the quality of the home environment was influenced by maternal characteristics, child characteristics and contextual factors. A positive linear relation was found between scores on a family risk index and the probability that infants were experiencing a relatively unsupportive home environment.
	Bibliography Citation Hannan, Kristi and Thomas Luster. "Influence of Parent, Child and Contextual Factors on the Quality of the Home Environment." Infant Mental Health Journal 12,1 (Spring 1991): 17-30.

6.	Luster, Thomas Boger, Robert Hannan, Kristi
6.	Infant Affect and Home Environment Presented: Montreal, QC, Seventh International Conference on Infant Studies, 1990 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Author Keyword(s): Behavior; Bias Decomposition; Child Development; Children; Children, Home Environment; Family Influences; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Self-Esteem; Temperament Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The present study is concerned with the relation between infant affect and quality of the home environment. Past research examining the relation between infant irritability and parenting behavior has produced inconsistent findings. The hypothesis that infant irritability is most likely to be negatively correlated with the quality of the home environment in families which would be considered to be "at-risk" based on characteristics of the mother (e.g., low self-esteem or low maternal intelligence) or contextual characteristics (e.g., living in poverty or having several other children to care for) was tested in this study. A second hypothesis tested in this study is that positive affect on the part of the infant is more strongly related to the quality of care the infant receives in high-risk environments than in low risk environments. In other words, a cheerful disposition may be a protective factor in high-risk environments. These hypotheses were tested with data from the Children of the NLSY. Little support was found for the first hypothesis. Infant irritability was negatively correlated with the quality of the home environment in both high-risk and low-risk families. Support was found for the second hypothesis among infants who were greater than 12 months of age.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas, Robert Boger and Kristi Hannan. "Infant Affect and Home Environment." Presented: Montreal, QC, Seventh International Conference on Infant Studies, 1990.

7.	Luster, Thomas Boger, Robert Hannan, Kristi
7.	Infant Affect and Home Environment Journal of Marriage and Family 55,3 (August 1993): 651-661. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353346 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Educational Attainment; Family Environment; General Assessment; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Infants; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Poverty; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Self-Esteem; Temperament This paper concerns the relation between infant affect and quality of the home environment. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to test the hypothesis that infant irritability is most likely to be negatively correlated with the quality of the home environment in families which would be considered to be "at risk" based on characteristics of the mother (e.g., low self-esteem or low maternal intelligence) or contextual characteristics (e.g., living in poverty or having several other children to care for). Our second hypothesis is that positive affect on the part of the infant is more strongly related to the quality of care the infant receives in high-risk environments than in low-risk environments. In other words, a cheerful disposition may be a protective factor in high-risk environments. Little support was found for the first hypothesis. Infant irritability was negatively correlated with the quality of the home environment in both high-risk and low-risk families. Support was found for the second hypothesis among infants who were greater than 12 months of age.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas, Robert Boger and Kristi Hannan. "Infant Affect and Home Environment." Journal of Marriage and Family 55,3 (August 1993): 651-661.

8.	Luster, Thomas Dubow, Eric F.
8.	Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School Age Children Working Paper, Department of Family and Child Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1989 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Family and Child Ecology, Michigan State University Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. For an idea of the contents, see, citation number 1406 by the same author in this bibliography.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Eric F. Dubow. "Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School Age Children." Working Paper, Department of Family and Child Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1989.

9.	Luster, Thomas Dubow, Eric F.
9.	Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School Age Children Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 38,2 (April 1992): 151-175. Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ441933&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ441933 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Wayne State University Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. ERIC document: EJ441933 This study examines the extent to which home environment and maternal intelligence are predictive of verbal intelligence in two groups of children -- 3-5 year-olds and 6-8 year-olds. Data on approximately 2000 children from the NLSY merged mother-child data set were used for this study. Hierarchical regression was used to assess the relative contribution of home environment and maternal intelligence to children's verbal intelligence as measured by the PPVT-R. For both groups of children, there was a significant relation between home environment and children's verbal intelligence when the effect of maternal intelligence was statistically controlled. Likewise, maternal intelligence was a significant predictor of PPVT-R scores when the effect of home environment was partialled out. For the preschoolers, the effects of home environment and maternal intelligence were of comparable magnitude. For the elementary school children, maternal intelligence was a stronger predictor of PPVT-R scores than home environment. A developmental perspective is used to explain why earlier studies examining these relations have produced inconsistent results.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Eric F. Dubow. "Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School Age Children." Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 38,2 (April 1992): 151-175.

10.	Luster, Thomas Dubow, Eric F.
10.	Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School-Age Children Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. For an idea of the contents, see, citation number 1406 by the author.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Eric F. Dubow. "Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School-Age Children." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

11.	Luster, Thomas Dubow, Eric F.
11.	Predictors of the Quality of the Home Environment Adolescent Mothers Provide for Their School-Age Children Journal of Youth and Adolescence 19,5 (October 1990): 475-494. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/jp745433m0193500/ Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Bias Decomposition; Children; Children, Home Environment; Family Structure; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Mothers, Adolescent; Parenting Skills/Styles; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Socioeconomic Status (SES) The primary question addressed in this study is: what factors distinguish between adolescent mothers with school-age children who are providing relatively supportive home environments for their children, and their peers who are providing less supportive care? Data from the Children of the NLSY data set were used to address this question. Variables from four major categories were useful in identifying mothers who were at greatest risk for providing less supportive environments: (1) characteristics of the mother, (2) characteristics of the family of origin, (3) current SES level, and (4) the composition of the mother's household.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Eric F. Dubow. "Predictors of the Quality of the Home Environment Adolescent Mothers Provide for Their School-Age Children." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 19,5 (October 1990): 475-494.

12.	Luster, Thomas McAdoo, Harriette Pipes
12.	Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young African American Children Child Development 65,4 (August 1994): 1080-1094. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00804.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Deviance; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Rural/Urban Differences; Self-Esteem; Simultaneity Recent studies have shown that children are most likely to experience academic or behavioral problems when they are exposed to several risk factors (i.e., poverty, large family size) simultaneously. This study utilizes data from the NLSY to examine factors related to the achievement and adjustment of black children in the early elementary grades. Consistent with past research, there was a direct relation between the number of risk factors to which children were exposed and the probability that they were experiencing academic or behavioral problems. Positive outcomes (scoring in the top quartile for this sample) were associated with high scores on an "advantage index".
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Harriette Pipes McAdoo. "Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young African American Children." Child Development 65,4 (August 1994): 1080-1094.

13.	Luster, Thomas McAdoo, Harriette Pipes
13.	Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young Black Children Presented: Seattle, WA, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Black Studies; Family Size; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Simultaneity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent studies have shown that children are most likely to experience academic or behavioral problems when they are exposed to several risk factors (i.e., poverty, large family size) simultaneously. This study utilizes data from the NLSY to examine factors related to the achievement and adjustment of black children in the early elementary grades. Consistent with past research, there was a direct relation between the number of risk factors to which children were exposed and the probability that they were experiencing academic or behavioral problems. Positive outcomes (scoring in the top quartile for this sample) were associated with high scores on an "advantage index".
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Harriette Pipes McAdoo. "Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young Black Children." Presented: Seattle, WA, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1991.

14.	Luster, Thomas Oh, Su Min
14.	Correlates of Male Adolescents Carrying Handguns Among Their Peers Journal of Marriage and Family 63,3 (August 2001): 714-726. Also: http://ncfr.allenpress.com/ncfronline/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2445&volume=063&issue=03&page=0714 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior, Antisocial; Behavioral Problems; Family Studies; Handguns, carrying or using; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 were used to examine factors associated with carrying a handgun among adolescent males. We expected that carrying a handgun would be associated with characteristics of the individual and with aspects of the contexts that are important for adolescents, such as the family, the peer group, the school setting, and the neighborhood. Consistent with these expectations, we found that adolescent males were more likely than their peers to carry handguns if they engaged in other problematic behaviors, had witnessed someone else being shot or shot at, and were involved in gangs. Boys under the age of 15 were less likely to carry a handgun if they were closely monitored by their mothers and respected their mothers, and they were more likely to carry a handgun if they frequently heard gunshots in their neighborhood or had a relative or friend who was a gang member. Males who were 15 and older were more likely to carry a handgun if they associated with peers who engaged in problematic behaviors.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Su Min Oh. "Correlates of Male Adolescents Carrying Handguns Among Their Peers." Journal of Marriage and Family 63,3 (August 2001): 714-726.

15.	Nievar, M. Angela Luster, Thomas
15.	Developmental Processes in African American Families: An Application of McLoyd's Theoretical Model Journal of Marriage and Family 68,2 (May 2006): 320-331. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00255.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Cognitive Development; Family Income; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Conflict; Marital Satisfaction/Quality; Parenting Skills/Styles; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Pearlin Mastery Scale; Racial Differences In accordance with McLoyd's model of African American children's development, we examined the linkages among family income, maternal psychological distress, marital conflict, parenting, and children's outcomes in early and middle childhood, using a sample of 591 African American children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Income during early childhood had a direct effect on behavior problems and reading recognition in middle childhood. Income also had an indirect effect on the child outcomes via maternal psychological distress and parenting. In a comparison of African American and White families, marital conflict predicted children behavior problems only in White families. Findings suggest that family psychological and material resources influence parenting as well as behavioral and cognitive outcomes for African American children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Bibliography Citation Nievar, M. Angela and Thomas Luster. "Developmental Processes in African American Families: An Application of McLoyd's Theoretical Model." Journal of Marriage and Family 68,2 (May 2006): 320-331.

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