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Author: Malone, Sarah Q.

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1.	Malone, Sarah Q.
1.	Aging Industries and Individuals: Retirement Decisions in the Context of Structural Economic Change Ph.D. Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 1991 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Blue-Collar Jobs; Industrial Classification; Industrial Sector; Local Labor Market; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Unions Using a sample of private wage and salary workers between 1975 and 1983 who were between 55 and 64 years old, this study found that declining total employment within the three digit industries in the respondents' local labor market increased the hazard of leaving the labor force (retiring) before age 65. No effect upon the hazard of retiring early was found from decline in total payroll or number of establishments. The retirement decisions of men 65 and over were unaffected by decline in any of these indicators. The effect of declining employment upon early retirement decisions was mediated by occupation and union membership: Unionized non-blue collar workers were the most likely to retire early from local industries declining in employment, followed by nonunionized non-blue collar workers and unionized blue collar workers, while nonunionized blue collar workers were more likely to retire from industries growing in employment.
	Bibliography Citation Malone, Sarah Q. Aging Industries and Individuals: Retirement Decisions in the Context of Structural Economic Change. Ph.D. Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 1991.

2.	Malone, Sarah Q.
2.	Aging Industries and Individuals: Retirement Decisions in the Context of Structural Economic Change Presented: Denver, CO, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1992 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Industrial Classification; Local Labor Market; Occupations; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Unions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Two levels of nationwide longitudinal data, the NLS of Older Men and County Business Patterns, were linked in event history analyses of retirement decisions of male private wage and salary workers 64 and under, 1975-1983. The analyses revealed that declining employment within these older men's 3-digit industries in their local labor market areas increased the hazard of leaving the labor force before the age of 65. Comparison with retirement decisions of a smaller group of NLS men 65 and over showed no effect of declining employment upon the decisions of this group during the same period. Declining employment's effect upon early retirement decisions was mediated by occupation type and union membership: Professional, technical, managerial and service workers with wages set by collective bargaining were most likely to have retirement decisions spurred by declining employment in the industries that employed them. Results support the idea that downsizing corporations have added early retirement inducements onto the relatively good pension plans of unionized and white collar workers.
	Bibliography Citation Malone, Sarah Q. "Aging Industries and Individuals: Retirement Decisions in the Context of Structural Economic Change." Presented: Denver, CO, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1992.

3.	Malone, Sarah Q.
3.	Effect of Change in Industrial Structure on the Early Retirement of American Men Mimeo, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 1988 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University Keyword(s): Assets; Business Cycles; Health Factors; Income; Industrial Sector; Occupations; Pensions; Retirement/Retirement Planning Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Decline of employment opportunities and rise of early retirement inducements in some industrial sectors may be forcing older men to leave the labor force in growing numbers. The effect of sectoral decline on likelihood of early retirement was tested using data from the 1980, 1981, and 1983 waves of the NLS Older Men's cohort, along with employment data by three-digit industry compiled from County Business Patterns for the years 1977 through 1983. A variable representing employment trend in a respondent's industry in his census division was included in a model predicting the early retirement decision including age, health limits, being vested in a pension plan, assets, marital status and dependents, and race. The variable was found to slightly enhance the probability of withdrawal from the labor force, other things equal. Further research may suggest that policymaking should be directed at accommodating this and other inevitable effects of a changing economy.
	Bibliography Citation Malone, Sarah Q. "Effect of Change in Industrial Structure on the Early Retirement of American Men." Mimeo, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 1988.

4.	Malone, Sarah Q.
4.	Effect of Change in Industrial Structure on the Early Retirement of American Men Master's Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 1988 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Assets; Business Cycles; Health Factors; Income; Industrial Sector; Occupations; Pensions; Retirement/Retirement Planning Decline of employment opportunities and rise of early retirement inducements in some industrial sectors may be forcing older men to leave the labor force in growing numbers. The effect of sectoral decline on likelihood of early retirement was tested using data from the 1980, 1981, and 1983 waves of the NLS Older Men's cohort, along with employment data by three-digit industry compiled from County Business Patterns for the years 1977 through 1983. A variable representing employment trend in a respondent's industry in his census division was included in a model predicting the early retirement decision including age, health limits, being vested in a pension plan, assets, marital status and dependents, and race. The variable was found to slightly enhance the probability of withdrawal from the labor force, other things equal. Further research may suggest that policymaking should be directed at accommodating this and other inevitable effects of a changing economy.
	Bibliography Citation Malone, Sarah Q. Effect of Change in Industrial Structure on the Early Retirement of American Men. Master's Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 1988.

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