Search Results

Author: Martin, Steven P.
Resulting in 10 citations.
1. Martin, Steven P.
How Late Do Women Wait? Expectations of Parenthood and Childlessness across the Reproductive Life Course
Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Fertility; Life Course; Parenthood

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979–2008 to measure women’s fertility expectations across the reproductive life course. We also develop models of what the trajectories of fertility expectations for childless women should look like, if childlessness is the result of delaying childbearing based on “good” and “bad” information, respectively, about age and infertility. Our main methodological advance is to develop indirect techniques to distinguish women who “try” for a child at a given age (or are sexually active with imperfect enough contraceptive use that a birth would be expected) from women who switch to expecting childlessness without ever having actively attempted to get pregnant. We find that prolonged expectation of parenthood among ultimately childless women is the exception rather than the rule; most childless women shift their fertility expectations to expectations of childlessness by their early thirties, even if they never try for a baby.
Bibliography Citation
Martin, Steven P. "How Late Do Women Wait? Expectations of Parenthood and Childlessness across the Reproductive Life Course." Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012.
2. Martin, Steven P.
Musick, Kelly
Unmet Fertility Expectations, Education, and Fertility Postponement among U.S. Women
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): College Graduates; Education; Family Formation; Family Planning; Fertility

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we use mismatches between womens fertility expectations expressed in 1982 and their completed fertility in 2006 as a tool to analyze educational differences in fertility during this time period. We find very little difference across educational groups in their fertility expectations in young adulthood. We find that about 23 percent of women exceeded their fertility expectations, while a much larger percentage (about 42 percent) of women fell short of their fertility expectations. Within every educational group but especially for college graduates, women were more likely to fall short of their educational expectations than to exceed those expectations. We conclude that unmet fertility expectations had the largest effects on fertility, and on educational differences in fertility, for the NLSY79 cohort.
Bibliography Citation
Martin, Steven P. and Kelly Musick. "Unmet Fertility Expectations, Education, and Fertility Postponement among U.S. Women." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.
3. Martin, Steven P.
Wu, Lawrence L.
The Subsequent Fertility of Adolescent Mothers in the United States
CDE Working Paper No. 98-01, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, May 1998.
Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1998papers.htm
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Birth Rate; Childbearing; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Ethnic Differences; Mothers, Adolescent; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Also: Presented: Toronto, Canada, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 1997

This paper describes recent patterns in the subsequent fertility of women in the United States by comparing rates of second and higher-order births for women with teen and nonteen first births. We expand upon previous work by paying particular attention to issues related to the spacing of second births. We pose and answer three questions concerning the pace and tempo of second and higher-order births. First, is an early first birth associated with a quicker overall pace of second births? Second, is an early first birth associated with higher second birth rates during the first few months postpartum? And third, does an early first birth or a closely spaced second birth speed the pace of higher-order births? For black women, we find that a first birth before age eighteen speeds the overall pace of second births by about 25 percent, and that part of this overall difference is due to a doubling of the pace of second births in the first 15 months postpartum. For white women, we find no association between a first birth before age eighteen and the overall pace of second births, but a strong positive association between an adolescent first birth and the pace of second births in the 15 months postpartum, and a negative association at longer durations. For black and white women, an early age at first birth is associated with a faster pace of third births, an effect that appears to persist for fourth births. However, a closely spaced second birth is at least as strongly associated with a fast pace of third and later births as is an adolescent first birth. These results suggest substantial spacing effects on second and higher order births that, in several instances, outweigh effects of a teen first birth. We discuss implications of these findings for policies concerning teen childbearing and argue for special attention to pregnancy prevention in the six months immedia tely following a first birth.

Bibliography Citation
Martin, Steven P. and Lawrence L. Wu. "The Subsequent Fertility of Adolescent Mothers in the United States." CDE Working Paper No. 98-01, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, May 1998.
4. Roberts, Tracy Elizabeth
Martin, Steven P.
Marital Paths from Welfare to Self-Sufficiency: A Dynamic Analysis of Women's Marriage Timing and Transitions out of and into Welfare
Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007.
Also: http://paa2007.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.aspx?submissionId=71581
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Family Circumstances, Changes in; Marriage; Transition, Welfare to Work; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Promoting marriage as a path out of welfare dependency has become a policy priority. It is unclear, however, how effective marriage can be at stabilizing poor women's family circumstances. To understand the effect of marriage on welfare transitions, we employ two models. The first model examines whether women exit welfare through marriage. The second model examines whether the timing of marriage affects the probability of return. Do women who marry in subsequent years after welfare exit have lower rates of recidivism than women who marry during a welfare spell? Our preliminary results suggest that women who enter marriage in the years following a welfare exit have lower recidivism rates than women who marry during a welfare spell. However, in the fifteen years following a welfare exit, recidivism rates are high for both groups of women.
Bibliography Citation
Roberts, Tracy Elizabeth and Steven P. Martin. "Marital Paths from Welfare to Self-Sufficiency: A Dynamic Analysis of Women's Marriage Timing and Transitions out of and into Welfare." Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007.
5. Roberts, Tracy Elizabeth
Martin, Steven P.
Welfare Exit, Marriage, and Welfare Recidivism: A Reevaluation of Patterns of the 1980s and 1990s.
Population Research and Policy Review 29,2 (April 2010): 105-125.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/lw733v3240431l8h/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keyword(s): Marriage; Transition, Welfare to Work; Welfare; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We examine the relationship between marriage and welfare recidivism for women leaving a first welfare spell, using the 1979-2000 panels of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Previous studies have found that women who marry around the time of welfare exit have lower rates of welfare return than women who stay single. However, more marriages occur before or after welfare exit than occur at the time of welfare exit. We find that marriages that precede or follow welfare exit by more than 12 months are not associated with significantly lower rates of welfare return. We also confirm previous findings that marriages formed within a year of welfare exit are associated with reduced rates of welfare return. However, these reduced rates mostly indicate later welfare returns rather than fewer welfare returns. Overall, our findings indicate a much weaker association between marriage and welfare independence than has been previously reported for this time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Roberts, Tracy Elizabeth and Steven P. Martin. "Welfare Exit, Marriage, and Welfare Recidivism: A Reevaluation of Patterns of the 1980s and 1990s." Population Research and Policy Review 29,2 (April 2010): 105-125.
6. Wu, Lawrence L.
Martin, Steven P.
Insights from a Sequential Hazard Model of Entry into Sexual Activity and Premarital First Births
Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; First Birth; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Sexual Activity; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper discusses a model that supposes that women become at risk of a premarital first birth only after becoming sexually active. We use the resulting sequential hazard framework to further decompose the probability of a premarital first birth into components reflecting: (1) differences in exposure to risk via earlier or later sexual onset and (2) differences in risks following onset. Our empirical analyses, using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, replicate previous findings that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with earlier sexual onset and higher premarital first birth risks. However, results from our decompositions show that group differences in onset timing have far a smaller influence on premarital first birth probabilities than do group differences in risks following onset. We conclude by speculating on the possible substantive and policy implications of these results, particularly with respect to ongoing debates between proponents and critics of abstinence education.
Bibliography Citation
Wu, Lawrence L. and Steven P. Martin. "Insights from a Sequential Hazard Model of Entry into Sexual Activity and Premarital First Births." Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012.
7. Wu, Lawrence L.
Martin, Steven P.
Kaufman, Pamela
Two Decades of Change in Premarital First Births: Cohort Comparisons from the NLSY79 and NLSY97
Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital

Bibliography Citation
Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Pamela Kaufman. "Two Decades of Change in Premarital First Births: Cohort Comparisons from the NLSY79 and NLSY97." Presented: Washington, DC, Bureau of Labor Statistics Conference Center, NLSY97 Tenth Anniversary Conference, May 29-30, 2008.
8. Wu, Lawrence L.
Martin, Steven P.
Long, Daniel A.
Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories
Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Data Quality in Longitudinal Surveys Conference, October 1998
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology
Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Quality/Consistency; Demography; Fertility; Longitudinal Surveys; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Research Methodology

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper evaluates the data quality of two demographic outcomes in light of hypotheses on respondent recall from the literature on survey methodology. An emerging consensus in this literature is that respondents engage in a process of recall; hence, retrieval of less well-remembered items (for example, the specific dates for the timing of distant events) may improve if survey designers precede such questions by others that are likely to be better remembered, if respondents are specifically instructed that such items are important, or if questions in parallel domains provide implicit or explicit memory prompts that aid the process of recall. An alternative but not mutually exclusive hypothesis is that recall of the timing of an event declines with duration unless the dating of an event is frequently "rehearsed." We investigate these hypotheses by comparing the quality of demographic data supplied by female respondents on selected event history outcomes across multiple nationally representative surveys. A first outcome concerns the interval between a first and second birth. We compare birth interval data using birth registration data using micro data from the Vital Statistics on Natality (VSN), the June Current Population Survey (CPS), the 1979 - 94 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Despite marked differences in survey design, we find relatively few differences in the quality of birth interval data across the four surveys. A second outcome is age at first sexual intercourse. Using data from the NLSY and NSFG, we analyze a form of partially missing data (respondent inability to recall the calendar month of intercourse) on age at first intercourse that occurs in both surveys. We find that inability to recall calendar month varies significantly with duration of recall, race and ethnicity, ability, early initiation of sexual activity, and some interview characteristics. Observed differences by race and ethnicity narrow substantially when controlling for additional background factors available in the NLSY. In addition, we find important nonlinearities in respondent recall with duration, with results from both nonparametric and confirmatory analyses suggesting strikingly similar patterns of nonlinearities for both NLSY and NSFG respondents.
Bibliography Citation
Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Daniel A. Long. "Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories." Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Data Quality in Longitudinal Surveys Conference, October 1998.
9. Wu, Lawrence L.
Martin, Steven P.
Long, Daniel A.
Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories
Journal of Human Resources 36,3 (Summer 2001): 520-555.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069629
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Quality/Consistency; Event History; Fertility; First Birth; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Sexual Activity; Sexual Experiences/Virginity

This paper evaluates the data quality of two demographic variables in light of hypotheses on respondent recall from the literature on survey methodology. An emerging consensus in this literature is that recall of the timing of an event declines with recall duration unless the dating of an event is frequently "rehearsed." We provide empirical evidence consistent with this hypothesis by assessing the quality of demographic data on two event history variables as supplied by female respondents. A first outcome concerns the interval between a first and second birth. We assess examine birth intervals using birth registration data from the Vital Statistics on Natality (VSN) and individual-level survey data from the 1990 June Current Population Survey (CPS), the 1979-93 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Overall, we find relatively little variation in the quality of birth interval data across these four surveys, with one exception--CPS data in which responses have been allocated. A second demographic variable is age at first sexual intercourse. We engage in several analyses of this variable. First, we use NLSY data to analyze discrepancies between successive reports on age (to the nearest year) at first intercourse. Second, we analyze a form of partially missing data (respondent inability to recall the calendar month of intercourse) that occurs in both the NLSY and NSFG. Third, we identify NLSY respondents who, in successive interviews, give contradictory reports about whether or not sexual activity had been initiated. Our findings suggest that data quality varies significantly with duration of recall and with measures of respondent ability related to arithmetic facility and memory. Observed differences by race and ethnicity narrow substantially when controlling for these and other background factors. We find evidence for a nonlinear association between duration of recall and data quality, with similar patterns occurring in both the NLSY and NSFG. Finally, our NLSY results are suggestive of a pattern in which recent initiation of sexual activity may be concealed by respondents.
Bibliography Citation
Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Daniel A. Long. "Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories." Journal of Human Resources 36,3 (Summer 2001): 520-555.
10. Wu, Lawrence L.
Martin, Steven P.
Long, Daniel A.
Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories
CDE Working Paper No. 99-08 (October, 1998), Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, revised, April 1999.
Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/99-08.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology
Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Quality/Consistency; Demography; Fertility; Longitudinal Surveys; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Research Methodology

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper evaluates the data quality of two demographic outcomes in light of hypotheses on respondent recall from the literature on survey methodology. An emerging consensus in this literature is that respondents engage in a process of recall; hence, retrieval of less well-remembered items (for example, the specific dates for the timing of distant events) may improve if survey designers precede such questions by others that are likely to be better remembered, if respondents are specifically instructed that such items are important, or if questions in parallel domains provide implicit or explicit memory prompts that aid the process of recall. An alternative but not mutually exclusive hypothesis is that recall of the timing of an event declines with duration unless the dating of an event is frequently "rehearsed." We investigate these hypotheses by comparing the quality of demographic data supplied by female respondents on selected event history outcomes across multiple nationally representative surveys. A first outcome concerns the interval between a first and second birth. We compare birth interval data using birth registration data using micro data from the Vital Statistics on Natality (VSN), the June Current Population Survey (CPS), the 1979 - 94 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Despite marked differences in survey design, we find relatively few differences in the quality of birth interval data across the four surveys. A second outcome is age at first sexual intercourse. Using data from the NLSY and NSFG, we analyze a form of partially missing data (respondent inability to recall the calendar month of intercourse) on age at first intercourse that occurs in both surveys. We find that inability to recall calendar month varies significantly with duration of recall, race and ethnicity, ability, early initiation of sexual activity, and some interview characteristics. Observed difference s by race and ethnicity narrow substantially when controlling for additional background factors available in the NLSY. In addition, we find important nonlinearities in respondent recall with duration, with results from both nonparametric and confirmatory analyses suggesting strikingly similar patterns of nonlinearities for both NLSY and NSFG respondents.
Bibliography Citation
Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Daniel A. Long. "Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories." CDE Working Paper No. 99-08 (October, 1998), Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, revised, April 1999.