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Author: McCarthy, James

Resulting in 4 citations.

1.	Upchurch, Dawn M. Astone, Nan Marie McCarthy, James
1.	Influences of Family Background on Adolescent Childbearing: From the 1940s to the 1980s Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990 Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Fertility; First Birth; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mothers, Education; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this paper is to begin to examine whether or not the influences of background and other characteristics on adolescent childbearing have changed across three birth cohorts of women. Two specific questions were addressed. First, have the effects of background factors on adolescent childbearing changed for women born in the 1930s, the 1950s and the 1960s? Secondly, focusing on the two youngest cohorts of women, the authors develop more fully specified models. The data used for the analysis were obtained from three separate surveys, the NLS of Mature Women, Young Women, and NLSY. The findings suggest that family background factors exert a strong influence across all three cohorts of women, with women from more disadvantaged backgrounds more likely to become adolescent mothers. However, it does appear that some factors, such as family structure may have declined in importance over the period while the effect of mother's education increased over time at least fo r whites. While the models explained more variation and the effects are stronger among whites, the models were remarkably similar for blacks and whites of each cohort. Finally, family background factors were found to be more important predictors of childbearing during younger adolescence than during later adolescence.
	Bibliography Citation Upchurch, Dawn M., Nan Marie Astone and James McCarthy. "Influences of Family Background on Adolescent Childbearing: From the 1940s to the 1980s." Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990.

2.	Upchurch, Dawn M. McCarthy, James
2.	Adolescent Childbearing and High School Completion in the 1980s: Have Things Changed? Family Planning Perspectives 21,5 (September-October 1989): 199-202. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2135571 Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Fertility; First Birth; High School Completion/Graduates; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mothers; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper explores the trends in the association between age at first birth and high school completion over the past thirty years. Data from three national surveys of women, the NLS of Mature Women, Young Women, and NLSY, were utilized in order to examine the experiences of women who were adolescents from the 1950s through the early 1980s. It was found that differentials in percentages completing high school by age at first birth persisted, but were considerably smaller in 1986 than they were in 1958. This convergence occurred because increases in the percentages of school-age mothers graduating from 1958 to 1986 were greater than the gains achieved by all women. However, there were differences by race in the concentration of these gains between 1958 and 1986. Young white mothers experienced the greatest increases between 1975 and 1986, whereas the largest gains for young black mothers were in the earlier period, from 1958 to 1975. To examine changes by socioeconomic status, within racial groups, the authors focused more closely on the period from 1975 to 1986 and found that school-age mothers from more disadvantaged backgrounds had the greatest gains in percent graduating, but that differentials by socioeconomic status persisted in 1986, with more advantaged black and white young mothers still more likely to graduate than their less advantaged counterparts.
	Bibliography Citation Upchurch, Dawn M. and James McCarthy. "Adolescent Childbearing and High School Completion in the 1980s: Have Things Changed?" Family Planning Perspectives 21,5 (September-October 1989): 199-202.

3.	Upchurch, Dawn M. McCarthy, James
3.	The Timing of a First Birth and High School Completion American Sociological Review 55,2 (April 1990): 224-234. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095628 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Fertility; First Birth; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Dropouts; Schooling Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper re-examined the relationship between childbearing and schooling for a recent cohort of women. Utilizing data from the NLSY, it was found that while a birth is not predictive of dropping out of school, a birth does hinder eventual graduation among high school dropouts. Additionally, a women who becomes a mother at any time after dropping out of school is less likely to graduate; the effect of a birth depends very little on when it occurred after a women dropped out.
	Bibliography Citation Upchurch, Dawn M. and James McCarthy. "The Timing of a First Birth and High School Completion." American Sociological Review 55,2 (April 1990): 224-234.

4.	Upchurch, Dawn M. McCarthy, James Ferguson, Linda R.
4.	Childbearing and Schooling: Disentangling Temporal and Causal Mechanisms American Sociological Review 58,5 (October 1993): 738-740. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096285 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Data Quality/Consistency; Educational Attainment; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Dropouts; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Schooling Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Reply to Anderson. The debate over the exact nature of the relationship between adolescent childbearing and educational attainment has continued for more than 20 years. The enduring interest in this relationship can be attributed to its important policy implications and the inherent complexity of the social phenomena. Researchers have approached the association between early childbearing and educational attainment from diverse theoretical perspectives and have tested hypotheses on diverse data sets, employing a host of analytical methods. One particularly revealing exchange demonstrated that different theoretical and methodological approaches can, even using the same data, produce quite different conclusions (Hofferth 1984; Rindfuss, St. John, and Bumpass 1984). These issues lie at the heart of most of Anderson's comments. In reviewing our paper, Anderson comes to conclusions that differ somewhat from ours. In this response we put our paper, and Anderson's comments, in the co ntext of the specific research questions posed in our paper. The results we presented in our ASR paper (Upchurch and McCarthy 1990) should be viewed in the context of the large body of research on the topic.
	Bibliography Citation Upchurch, Dawn M., James McCarthy and Linda R. Ferguson. "Childbearing and Schooling: Disentangling Temporal and Causal Mechanisms." American Sociological Review 58,5 (October 1993): 738-740.

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