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Author: Murray, Charles A.

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1.	Herrnstein, Richard J. Murray, Charles A.
1.	Aristocracy of Intelligence Wall Street Journal, 224, (October 10, 1994): A12 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Dow Jones, Inc. Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; I.Q.; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Underclass Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Opinion. Assesses correlation between intelligence of American people and their cognitive ability and socioeconomic status analyzing National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. Details of the analysis; Source of the article in an essay by same authors from 'The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life'. PUBLISHER: Wall Street Journal
	Bibliography Citation Herrnstein, Richard J. and Charles A. Murray. "Aristocracy of Intelligence." Wall Street Journal, 224, (October 10, 1994): A12.

2.	Herrnstein, Richard J. Murray, Charles A.
2.	IQ Haves and Have-Nots? Atlanta Journal Constitution, (October 23, 1994): D,1:1 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Atlanta Journal-Constitution Keyword(s): Black Studies; Cognitive Development; Education; I.Q.; Intelligence; Parenthood; Poverty; Racial Differences; Racial Studies; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In an adaptation from their book, "The Bell Curve," Richard J.Herrnstein and Charles Murray discuss differences in intellectual capacity among people and the inevitable questions about race and intelligence. Black and white IQ distribution, according to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, is depicted.
	Bibliography Citation Herrnstein, Richard J. and Charles A. Murray. "IQ Haves and Have-Nots?" Atlanta Journal Constitution, (October 23, 1994): D,1:1.

3.	Herrnstein, Richard J. Murray, Charles A.
3.	Race, Pathology and IQ Wall Street Journal, 224, (October 10, 1994): A12 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Dow Jones, Inc. Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; I.Q.; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Underclass Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Opinion. Compares effect of differences in race and IQ among Americans on their social status and habits. Correlation of intelligence and race differential with employment and illegitimacy according to study of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth's database.
	Bibliography Citation Herrnstein, Richard J. and Charles A. Murray. "Race, Pathology and IQ." Wall Street Journal, 224, (October 10, 1994): A12.

4.	Herrnstein, Richard J. Murray, Charles A.
4.	The Bell Curve : Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life New York, NY: Free Press, 1994 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Free Press Keyword(s): Black Studies; Cognitive Development; Education; Genetics; I.Q.; Intelligence; Parenthood; Poverty; Racial Studies; Schooling; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The authors argue that IQ scores are largely immutable and represent innate intelligence. The ranks of the cognitively inferior are disproportionately filled with Blacks, Latinos, and immigrants. IQ is destiny and a matter of genes. Data used to support the authors' thesis are taken from the NLSY.
	Bibliography Citation Herrnstein, Richard J. and Charles A. Murray. The Bell Curve : Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York, NY: Free Press, 1994.

5.	Kotkin, Joel Cox, Michael Carlson, Allan Murray, Charles A. Bowman, Karlyn Von Kohorn, Ken Haskins, Ron Murray, David Frey, William
5.	State of the Nation American Enterprise 13,3 (April-May 2002): 30-44. Also: http://www.unz.org/Pub/AmEnterprise-2002apr-00030 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Keyword(s): Census of Population; Family Structure; Family Studies; Income Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Presents several essays on social conditions in the U.S.. Deconcentration of the population in urban areas; Trend toward better jobs; Demographic changes in the country; Relationship of income to family structure. Every decade, the U.S. Bureau of the Census takes our nation's pulse. These detailed results complement other findings gathered through the year by private and government data collectors, providing a vivid picture of where our society is headed. With most census results now out, we thought this an opportune time to review America's long-term health. Following are nine essays in which experts describe some of the important things--both positive and negative--we've learned recently about how the U.S. is faring deep in its bones and muscles. In the essay "Family Decay Hurts Equality", the author explores the relationship of income to family structure, extracted from a classic government database called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), and apply those findings to the latest (2000) figures released by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
	Bibliography Citation Kotkin, Joel, Michael Cox, Allan Carlson, Charles A. Murray, Karlyn Bowman, Ken Von Kohorn, Ron Haskins, David Murray and William Frey. "State of the Nation." American Enterprise 13,3 (April-May 2002): 30-44.

6.	Murray, Charles A.
6.	Changes Over Time in the Black–White Difference on Mental Tests: Evidence from the Children of the 1979 Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Intelligence 34,6 (November 2006): 527-540. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016028960600078X Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Children, Academic Development; I.Q.; Intelligence; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences; Variables, Independent - Covariate Data for three Peabody achievement tests and for the Peabody picture vocabulary test administered to children of women in the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth show that the black–white difference did not diminish for this sample of children born from the mid 1970s through the mid 1990s. This finding persists after entering covariates for the child's age and family background variables. It is robust across alternative samples and specifications of the model. The analysis supplements other evidence that shows no narrowing of the black–white difference in academic achievement tests since the late 1980s and is inconsistent with recent evidence that narrowing occurred in IQ standardizations during the same period. A hypothesis for reconciling this inconsistency is proposed.
	Bibliography Citation Murray, Charles A. "Changes Over Time in the Black–White Difference on Mental Tests: Evidence from the Children of the 1979 Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Intelligence 34,6 (November 2006): 527-540.

7.	Murray, Charles A.
7.	Implications of the Secular Rise in IQ for Convergence of Black and White IQ Scores (Also titled: The Secular Increase in IQ and Longitudinal Changes in the Magnitude of the Black-White Difference: Evidence from the NLSY) Presented: Vancouver, BC, Behavior Genetics Association 29th Annual Meeting, July 4, 1999 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Behavior Genetics Association Keyword(s): Family Influences; Genetics; Intelligence; Intelligence Tests; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The secular and international rise in IQ has been widely interpreted as evidence that black and white IQ scores may be expected to converge over time. The present study first examines the logic behind this position, then explores the consistency of that logic with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY), a large national sample that has been followed since 1979. Elaborating Jensen's procedure (A.R. Jensen, 1973, Educability and Group Differences, Methuen), the analyses focus on sibling pairs and mother-offspring pairs within the NLSY. For the sibling analysis, a sample of blacks and whites are matched on IQ and on parental education, occupation, and income. For the mother-offspring analysis, a sample of black and white mothers are matched on IQ and their own education and family income. Parallel analyses of the IQs of the comparison siblings and of the offspring are conducted. Despite equivalent means and variance on IQ and the socioeconomic variables in the black and white reference samples, the IQs of the comparison siblings and of the offspring regressed to means with a black/white difference of 16.9 IQ points (sibling sample) and 21.6 IQ points (mother-offspring sample). Alternative possibilities for reconciling these findings with the secular rise in IQ are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Murray, Charles A. "Implications of the Secular Rise in IQ for Convergence of Black and White IQ Scores (Also titled: The Secular Increase in IQ and Longitudinal Changes in the Magnitude of the Black-White Difference: Evidence from the NLSY)." Presented: Vancouver, BC, Behavior Genetics Association 29th Annual Meeting, July 4, 1999.

8.	Murray, Charles A.
8.	Inequality Taboo Commentary Magazine 120,2 (September 2005): 13-22. Also: http://www.commentarymagazine.com/production/files/murray0905.html Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Commentary Keyword(s): Gender Differences; I.Q.; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Most of the following discussion describes reasons for believing that some group differences are intractable. I shift from "innate" to "intractable" to acknowledge how complex is the interaction of genes, their expression in behavior, and the environment. "Intractable" means that, whatever the precise partitioning of causation may be (we seldom know), policy interventions can only tweak the difference at the margins. I will focus on two sorts of differences: between men and women and between blacks and whites.
	Bibliography Citation Murray, Charles A. "Inequality Taboo." Commentary Magazine 120,2 (September 2005): 13-22.

9.	Murray, Charles A.
9.	IQ and Income Inequality in a Sample of Sibling Pairs from Advantaged Family Backgrounds Presented: Atlanta, GA, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2002 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Family Background and Culture; Family Income; I.Q.; Income; Income Level; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Siblings; Socioeconomic Background Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. "The Bell Curve" (Richard Herrnstein and Murray, 1994) presented data on the independent effect of IQ on a wide variety of social and economic outcomes for members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). To control for socioeconomic background, we constructed an index using the standard three indicators: parental education, occupation, and income. Among the many threads in the response to "The Bell Curve," the following question arose: How much would the independent effect of IQ have been attenuated if a broader set of family background variables had been used as controls? To test this, Sanders Korenman and Christopher Winship conducted a fixed-effects analysis of the large number of siblings within the NLSY, in effect controlling not just for socioeconomic status, but for everything in the shared environment of the family. The results were that "[w]ith a few exceptions, the fixed-effects estimates for AFQT [the cognitive test used in the NLSY] are remarkably similar to the standard OLS and logit estimates" (Korenman and Winship, 2000 p.146). The independent effect of IQ is robust across methods.
	Bibliography Citation Murray, Charles A. "IQ and Income Inequality in a Sample of Sibling Pairs from Advantaged Family Backgrounds." Presented: Atlanta, GA, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2002.

10.	Murray, Charles A. Herrnstein, Richard J.
10.	Races Differ On IQ Tests, Studies Show American and British Whites Score Lower Than East Asians Rocky Mountain News, December 21, 1994, News; Ed. F; Pg. 34A Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Denver Publishing Company Keyword(s): I.Q.; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The authors argue that racial differences in I.Q. are detectable and that these differences cannot be sufficiently explained away by socio-economic factors or test-bias critiques. NLSY79 data is cited as evidence of 1.2 standard deviations between black and white I.Q. scores, even when utilizing the "largest and most carefully selected national sample."
	Bibliography Citation Murray, Charles A. and Richard J. Herrnstein. "Races Differ On IQ Tests, Studies Show American and British Whites Score Lower Than East Asians." Rocky Mountain News, December 21, 1994, News; Ed. F; Pg. 34A.

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