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Author: Nilsonne, Gustav
Resulting in 3 citations.
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Sorjonen, Kimmo Falkstedt, Daniel Wallin, Alma Sörberg Melin, Bo Nilsonne, Gustav |
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Dangers of Residual Confounding: A Cautionary Tale featuring Cognitive Ability, Socioeconomic Background, and Education BMC Psychology 9, 145 (September 2021): DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00653-z. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40359-021-00653-z Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Socioeconomic Background Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Background: Cognitive ability and socioeconomic background (SEB) have been previously identified as determinants of achieved level of education. According to a "discrimination hypothesis", higher cognitive ability is required from those with lower SEB in order to achieve the same level of education as those with higher SEB. Support for this hypothesis has been claimed from the observation of a positive association between SEB and achieved level of education when adjusting for cognitive ability. We propose a competing hypothesis that the observed association is due to residual confounding. Methods: To adjudicate between the discrimination and the residual confounding hypotheses, data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97, N = 8984) was utilized, including a check of the logic where we switched predictor and outcome variables. Results: The expected positive association between SEB and achieved level of education when adjusting for cognitive ability (predicted by both hypotheses) was found, but a positive association between cognitive ability and SEB when adjusting for level of education (predicted only by the residual confounding hypothesis) was also observed. |
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Bibliography Citation
Sorjonen, Kimmo, Daniel Falkstedt, Alma Sörberg Wallin, Bo Melin and Gustav Nilsonne. "Dangers of Residual Confounding: A Cautionary Tale featuring Cognitive Ability, Socioeconomic Background, and Education." BMC Psychology 9, 145 (September 2021): DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00653-z.
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Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo |
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Regression to the Mean in Latent Change Score Models: An Example Involving Breastfeeding and Intelligence BMC Pediatrics 22 (May 2022): 283. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12887-022-03349-4 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Breastfeeding; Intelligence; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Method: In the present study, we investigate regression to the mean in the case of breastfeeding and intelligence of children. We used latent change score modeling to analyze intergenerational change in intelligence, both from mothers to children and backward from children to mothers, in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) dataset (N = 6283). Results: When analyzing change from mothers to children, breastfeeding was found to have a positive association with intergenerational change in intelligence, whereas when analyzing backward change from children to mothers, a negative association was found. |
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Bibliography Citation
Sorjonen, Kimmo, Gustav Nilsonne, Michael Ingre and Bo Melin. "Regression to the Mean in Latent Change Score Models: An Example Involving Breastfeeding and Intelligence." BMC Pediatrics 22 (May 2022): 283.
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Sorjonen, Kimmo Nilsonne, Gustav Ingre, Michael Melin, Bo |
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Spurious Correlations in Research on Ability Tilt Personality and Individual Differences 185 (February 2022): 111268. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886921006474 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability Ability tilt refers to a within-individual difference between two abilities (X-Y), e.g. differences between tech and verbal or verbal and math abilities. Studies have found associations between ability tilts and their constituent abilities (X or Y). Here we show that such associations may be spurious due to the non-independence of the two measures. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), we find that associations between ability and ability tilt may simply be due to more positive associations between two measures of the same or similar abilities compared to two measures of different or dissimilar abilities. This finding calls into question theoretical interpretations that have proposed that ability tilt correlations are due to differential investment of time and effort in one ability at the expense of the other ability. |
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Bibliography Citation
Sorjonen, Kimmo, Gustav Nilsonne, Michael Ingre and Bo Melin. "Spurious Correlations in Research on Ability Tilt." Personality and Individual Differences 185 (February 2022): 111268.
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