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Author: Nyborg, Helmuth
Resulting in 4 citations.
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Hartmann, Peter Kruuse, Nanna Hye Sun Nyborg, Helmuth |
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Testing the Cross-Racial Generality of Spearman's Hypothesis in Two Samples Intelligence 35,1 (January-February 2007): 47-57. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289606000481 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Birth Outcomes; g Factor; Hispanics; Intelligence; Racial Differences Spearman's hypothesis states that racial differences in IQ between Blacks (B) and Whites (W) are due primarily to differences in the "g" factor. This hypothesis is often confirmed, but it is less certain whether it generalizes to other races. We therefore tested its cross-racial generality by comparing American subjects of European descent (W) to American Hispanics (H) in two different databases. The first [Centers for Disease Control (1988). Health status of Vietnam veterans. "Journal of the American Medical Association" 259, 2701-2719; Centers for Disease Control (1989). "Health status of Vietnam veterans: Vol IV. Psychological and neuropsychological evaluation." Atlanta, Georgia: Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control] contains 4462 middle-aged Armed Services Veterans males, and the second database (NLSY1979) holds 11,625 young male and female adults. Both samples are fairly representative of the general American population. Race differences in general intelligence "g" were calculated and vectors of test scores were correlated with the vectors of the tests' "g" loadings, following Jensen [Jensen, A. R. (1998). "The "g" factor." Westport, CT: Praeger]. W scored about 0.8 S.D. above H. The racial difference on the tests correlated significantly with the "g"-loadings of the tests in the VES database, but less so in the NLSY database. We therefore conclude that the present study supports, but does not unequivocally verify, the cross-racial generality of the Spearman's hypothesis. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter, Nanna Hye Sun Kruuse and Helmuth Nyborg. "Testing the Cross-Racial Generality of Spearman's Hypothesis in Two Samples ." Intelligence 35,1 (January-February 2007): 47-57.
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Hartmann, Peter Reuter, Martin Nyborg, Helmuth |
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The Relationship Between Date of Birth and Individual Differences in Personality and General Intelligence: A Large-scale Study Personality and Individual Differences 40,7 (May 2006): 1349-1362. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886905004046 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Birth Outcomes; g Factor; Intelligence; Seasonality We investigated the relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence in two large samples. The first sample consisted of 4000+ middle-aged male subjects from the Vietnam Experience Study; personality was measured by the MMPI items converted to EPQ (scales) and a large battery of cognitive tests were factored to derive general intelligence, g. The second sample consisted of 11,000+ young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth from 1979. g was extracted from the ten subtests of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. In no cases did date of birth relate to individual differences in personality or general intelligence. A further goal was to test Eysenck's notion of possible relationships between date of birth and the popular Sun Signs in astrology. No support could be found for such associations. We conclude that the present large-scale study provides no evidence for the existence of relevant relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter, Martin Reuter and Helmuth Nyborg. "The Relationship Between Date of Birth and Individual Differences in Personality and General Intelligence: A Large-scale Study." Personality and Individual Differences 40,7 (May 2006): 1349-1362.
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Nyborg, Helmuth |
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Sex Differences Across Different Racial Ability Levels: Theories of Origin and Societal Consequences Intelligence 52 (September-October 2015): 44-62. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289615000525 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Gender Differences; I.Q.; Racial Differences Jensen (1971) found that black girls score 3 IQ points higher than black boys, and white boys 1.5 IQ points higher than white girls. He, nevertheless, concluded that this did not support his Race × Sex × Ability interaction theory. Jensen (1998) further analyzed data, some from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), and suggested that there is no sex difference in general intelligence, g. Other studies have questioned Jensen's null sex difference theory. The present study tested both theories with data from the ensuring NLSY97 survey, which represents the 15 + million 12–17 year old adolescents living in the US in 1997. Total sample analyses confirmed the existence of significant inverse white-black IQ sex differences, and disconfirmed the null sex difference theory. Separate race-age analyses demonstrated, however, that robust IQ sex differences materialize only after age 16, with no white-black interaction. At age 17, female IQ trails male by 3.6-7.03 points in three races, respectively. Classical IQ probability curves foretell that more males than females will enter the highest echelons of society, irrespective of race, and white Male/Female ratios at IQ 145 successfully predicted real-life sex differences in educational and occupational achievement. White males with IQ 55 can be expected to run a very high risk of encountering severe achievement problems, a risk shared to some extent with Hispanic male, but black females with this low IQ can be expected to perform worse than black males. |
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Bibliography Citation
Nyborg, Helmuth. "Sex Differences Across Different Racial Ability Levels: Theories of Origin and Societal Consequences." Intelligence 52 (September-October 2015): 44-62.
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Nyborg, Helmuth |
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The Intelligence-Religiosity Nexus: A Representative Study of White Adolescent Americans Intelligence 37,1 (January-February 2009): 81-93. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289608001013 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Cognitive Development; Education; g Factor; I.Q.; Intelligence; Religion; Religious Influences The present study examined whether IQ relates systematically to denomination and income within the framework of the g nexus, using representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY97). Atheists score 1.95 IQ points higher than Agnostics, 3.82 points higher than Liberal persuasions, and 5.89 IQ points higher than Dogmatic persuasions. Denominations differ significantly in IQ and income. Religiosity declines between ages 12 to 17. It is suggested that IQ makes an individual likely to gravitate toward a denomination and level of achievement that best fit his or hers particular level of cognitive complexity. Ontogenetically speaking this means that contemporary denominations are rank ordered by largely hereditary variations in brain efficiency (i.e. IQ). In terms of evolution, modern Atheists are reacting rationally to cognitive and emotional challenges, whereas Liberals and, in particular Dogmatics, still rely on ancient, pre-rational, supernatural and wishful thinking. |
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Bibliography Citation
Nyborg, Helmuth. "The Intelligence-Religiosity Nexus: A Representative Study of White Adolescent Americans." Intelligence 37,1 (January-February 2009): 81-93.
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