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Author: Penner, Anna

Resulting in 5 citations.

1.	Penner, Anna
1.	Extra-Ordinary Siblings: The Early Life Course Consequences of having a Sibling with a Disability Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, 2019 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Anxiety; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Disability; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Risk-Taking; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Twelve percent of families in the United States have a child with a disability, yet little is known about the long-term consequences of growing up with a sibling with a disability. This study builds on previous research regarding disability effects on families and offers an additional view on sibling effects in general. By utilizing the life course perspective, this dissertation examines the linked lives of siblings with and without disabilities as well as the association between having a disabled sibling in childhood across early life course outcomes. Within the life course context, this dissertation examines how family stress theory, adultification, and resource dilution interact with sibling disability status to yield the results. Using secondary data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults, this study examines behavioral problems during childhood, risk behaviors during adolescence and early adulthood, and college completion rates among young adults who had a disabled sibling during childhood. Both boys and girls with a disabled sibling have higher reports of behavioral problems in childhood than those without a disabled sibling. Both boys and girls with a disabled sibling exhibit more externalizing behaviors than those without, particularly antisocial behaviors. Furthermore, girls with a disabled sibling also exhibit more anxiety, peer conflict, and headstrong behaviors than girls without a disabled sibling. These behavioral problems do not persist into adolescence, however, and young men and women with a disabled sibling see similar or lower rates of risk behaviors as those without a disabled sibling. Adultification appears to contribute to the lower likelihood of risk behaviors particularly in adolescence. Women are less likely to complete college if they had a sibling with a disability during childhood; there is no significant difference by sibling disability status for men. While family income and mother’s education do not attenuate the college completion gap between those with and without a disabled sibling, having stably married parents during childhood largely eliminates this gap.
	Bibliography Citation Penner, Anna. Extra-Ordinary Siblings: The Early Life Course Consequences of having a Sibling with a Disability. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, 2019.

2.	Penner, Anna
2.	Risk Behaviors Among Children and Youth Who Have a Sibling With a Disability Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Behavior; Contraception; Disability; Risk-Taking; Siblings; Substance Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults, this paper examines risk behaviors among children (ages 10-14) and youth (15 and older) who have had a sibling with a disability (SWD). Current estimates maintain that one in eight American families have a child with a disability, suggesting that a significant portion of our children have a SWD, and yet little research examines their experiences using nationally representative data. I investigate whether respondents with SWDs engage in risk behaviors more than those whose siblings are not disabled. I find that, on average, the reports are similar, and if anything respondents with a SWD engage in more risk behaviors, not fewer. In particular, contraceptive use is lower among youth with a SWD and physical harm to others is higher among children with a SWD.
	Bibliography Citation Penner, Anna. "Risk Behaviors Among Children and Youth Who Have a Sibling With a Disability." Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018.

3.	Penner, Anna
3.	The Effect of Having a Disabled Sibling at Various Ages on Educational Attainment Presented: Boston MA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2014 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Disability; Educational Attainment; Educational Outcomes; Gender Differences; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper utilizes data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults to examine the educational attainment of young adults who had a disabled sibling during childhood. Building on child development literature, I consider various ages when having a disabled sibling may be particularly deleterious. Over all I find that respondents who had a disabled sibling as a child complete half a year less schooling and have substantially lower odds of graduating from high school than their peers who did not have a disabled sibling. Further, there are some ages when having a disabled sibling has a greater effect on educational outcomes. These effects are driven almost entirely by the costs of having a disabled sibling for women: men experience little or no penalty for having a disabled sibling, while women with disabled siblings average half a year less education than women without disabled siblings.
	Bibliography Citation Penner, Anna. "The Effect of Having a Disabled Sibling at Various Ages on Educational Attainment." Presented: Boston MA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2014.

4.	Penner, Anna
4.	The Effects of Having a Disabled Sibling during Childhood on Young Adults’ Educational Attainment Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Child Health; Disability; Educational Attainment; Health, Chronic Conditions; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper utilizes secondary data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults (CNLSY) to examine educational attainment among young adults who had a disabled sibling during childhood by measuring high school completion and number of years of education achieved. I also examine the gender differences in these outcomes. This study builds on previous research regarding disability effects and offers an additional view on sibling effects in general. I find that on average, respondents who had a disabled sibling complete half a year less schooling and have substantially lower odds of graduating from high school than their peers who did not have a disabled sibling. The gap in educational attainment is particularly important to consider in light of policies that should be implemented to avoid unnecessary loss in educational attainment, particularly in light of further cuts that may be made in this time of financial austerity.
	Bibliography Citation Penner, Anna. "The Effects of Having a Disabled Sibling during Childhood on Young Adults’ Educational Attainment." Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013.

5.	Penner, Anna
5.	The Impact of Family Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes of Having a Disabled Sibling during Childhood Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Children, Behavioral Development; Disability; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Utilizing secondary data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults, this paper examines behavioral outcomes among children (ages 4-14) who have had a disabled sibling. Current estimates maintain that more than one in eight American families have a disabled child, suggesting that a substantial portion of our children have a disabled sibling, and yet little sociological literature examines their experiences using nationally representative data. I investigate whether children with disabled siblings are at greater risk for behavioral problems during their childhood than children whose siblings are not disabled, and find that, on average, children with a disabled sibling have more reports of behavioral problems than children whose siblings are not disabled. Any gap that shows these children are at greater risk for behavioral problems and delinquency is important to note—if we can support these children early on and give them tools to cope and excel, then we may decrease the aid they require as they enter adolescence and adulthood.
	Bibliography Citation Penner, Anna. "The Impact of Family Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes of Having a Disabled Sibling during Childhood." Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017.

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