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Author: Porter, Lauren C.

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1.	Porter, Lauren C. DeMarco, Laura
1.	Beyond the Dichotomy: Exposure to Incarceration and Depressive Symptoms Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A growing body of research suggests that incarceration is detrimental for both physical and mental health. However, this literature tends to adopt a view of incarceration as a status rather than an experience or episode. That is, incarceration is typically conceptualized and operationalized as a dichotomy: individuals either have, or have not, been incarcerated. Considering that incarceration can range from one day to several years, a dichotomous measure may be overlooking important variations across lengths of exposure. This study helps to fill this gap by examining the relationship between exposure to incarceration, measured as time served and number of spells, and depressive symptoms among a sample of young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. Using a fixed effects approach, we find that depressive symptoms increase with number of months and number of spells incarcerated, however this relationship does not appear salient when limiting the sample to former inmates only. Additionally, among current inmates the number of months incarcerated is associated with lower levels of depression, suggesting a possible adaptation to prison after a period of time.
	Bibliography Citation Porter, Lauren C. and Laura DeMarco. "Beyond the Dichotomy: Exposure to Incarceration and Depressive Symptoms." Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017.

2.	Porter, Lauren C. DeMarco, Laura
2.	Beyond the Dichotomy: Incarceration Dosage and Mental Health Criminology 57,1 (February 2019): 136-156. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9125.12199 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Health, Mental/Psychological; Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The findings from a growing body of research reveal that incarceration is detrimental for both physical and mental health. Incarceration, however, is typically conceptualized and operationalized as a dichotomy; individuals either have, or have not, been incarcerated. Considering that incarceration can range from one day to several years, a dichotomous measure may be overlooking important variations across lengths of exposure. In addition, most inmates are incarcerated more than once. In this study, we help to fill this gap by examining the relationship between incarceration dosage, measured as time served and number of spells, and mental health among a sample of young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. By using fixed‐effects modeling, we find that the number of spells and the months incarcerated are positively related to mental health symptoms and the likelihood of depression. The association, however, is contingent on whether a respondent is currently or formerly incarcerated. Among current inmates, more time served is expected to improve mental health and the number of spells is unrelated to either outcome.
	Bibliography Citation Porter, Lauren C. and Laura DeMarco. "Beyond the Dichotomy: Incarceration Dosage and Mental Health." Criminology 57,1 (February 2019): 136-156.

3.	Remrey, Lizabeth Porter, Lauren C.
3.	The Mediating Role of Mental Health in the Link between Incarceration and Recidivism and Employment Outcomes Presented: San Francisco CA, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2019 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Employment; Event History; Health, Mental/Psychological; Incarceration/Jail Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Extant research indicates a negative impact of incarceration on mental health. However, there has been less consideration of the potential role of mental health as a mediating factor in the relationship between incarceration and key reentry outcomes, such as recidivism and employment. To examine this, we use event history data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997. First, we examine the impact of incarceration on mental health. Second, we assess the extent to which the associations between incarceration, recidivism, and employment are explained by mental health. Our findings will provide insight into the mechanisms linking incarceration to recidivism and employment outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Remrey, Lizabeth and Lauren C. Porter. "The Mediating Role of Mental Health in the Link between Incarceration and Recidivism and Employment Outcomes." Presented: San Francisco CA, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2019.

4.	Vogel, Matt Porter, Lauren C. McCuddy, Timothy
4.	Hypermobility, Destination Effects, and Delinquency: Specifying the Link between Residential Mobility and Offending Social Forces 95,3 (March 2017): 1261-1284. Also: https://academic.oup.com/sf/article/95/3/1261/2877691 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Oxford University Press Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Mobility, Residential; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); Neighborhood Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Residential mobility is often implicated as a risk factor for delinquency. While many scholars attribute this to causal processes spurred by moving, recent research suggests that much of the relationship is due to differences between mobile and non-mobile adolescents. However, studies in this area often operationalize mobility as a single move, limiting researchers to comparing outcomes between mobile and non-mobile adolescents. This approach is rather broad, considering heterogeneity in mobility frequency as well as variation in sending and receiving neighborhood characteristics. We propose a more nuanced framework to help anticipate how characteristics of mobility experiences may mitigate, exacerbate, or fail to influence adolescent behavior. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we demonstrate that "hypermobility" has detrimental behavioral consequences, increases in neighborhood disadvantage between sending and receiving neighborhoods are associated with reductions in self-reported offending, and long-distance moves reduce delinquency, but only among adolescents with prior behavioral problems. These results underscore the complex association between residential mobility and delinquency during adolescence.
	Bibliography Citation Vogel, Matt, Lauren C. Porter and Timothy McCuddy. "Hypermobility, Destination Effects, and Delinquency: Specifying the Link between Residential Mobility and Offending." Social Forces 95,3 (March 2017): 1261-1284.

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