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Author: Rand Corporation
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Rand Corporation |
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Labor and Population Program. Job Continuity Among New Mothers Research Brief RB-5032, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica CA, 2000. Also: http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB5032/index1.html Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: RAND Keyword(s): Benefits; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO); Job Patterns; Leave, Family or Maternity/Paternity; Legislation; Training, On-the-Job; Wage Gap; Women In the 1990s, the states and then the federal government enacted maternity-leave legislation. This legislation guaranteed to mothers the right, after a leave of limited duration, to return to their pre-leave employers at the same or equivalent positions. A recent presidential proposal even encourages states to use unemployment benefits to provide paid time off for new parents. Such initiatives were made in response to trends that showed the number of working mothers rising sharply in the past two decades. By protecting the right of new mothers to return to their previous jobs, maternity-leave statutes seek to help women benefit more from on-the-job training and to reduce the wage gap between mothers and women who have never had children. If maternity-leave initiatives are to fulfill their promise, it is important to understand the extent to which new mothers returned to their old jobs before the passage of such legislation. Jacob Alex Klerman and Arleen Leibowitz use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) to analyze job continuity among new mothers prior to the federal Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA). They find that most women working full-time before pregnancy returned to work for the same employer after giving birth. They argue it is unlikely that maternity-leave legislation will have a major effect on job continuity for working mothers, since the attractiveness of a given job may change after a woman gives birth (e.g., such women may want jobs with flexible hours or on-site day care). Such legislation, however, may have other effects on women's lifetime labor market choices. |
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Bibliography Citation
Rand Corporation. "Labor and Population Program. Job Continuity Among New Mothers." Research Brief RB-5032, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica CA, 2000. |