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Author: Serafini, Brian
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Maroto, Michelle Lee
Serafini, Brian
Different Story, Same Ending: Family-related Gender Earnings Penalties and Premiums Across Two Generations
Presented: San Francisco CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2014
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Earnings; Gender Differences; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Recent research suggests that the gender gap in earnings has almost vanished among young millennials, who comprise the youngest cohort of workers born between 1980 and 1984. Nevertheless, women in this cohort still report lingering sources of gender inequity, particularly in terms of the work-family conflicts that have also plagued baby boomer women. We apply hybrid mixed effects models to two longitudinal surveys – the NLSY 1979 baby boomer cohort, and the NLSY1997 millennial cohort - to compare earnings disparities by gender, marriage, and parental status for young workers. These models allow us to parse out between-gender differences in earnings and changes over time within respondents’ earnings that coincide with marriage and childbirth. Our findings show that between-gender inequalities have become less pronounced compared to those observed among the boomer generation, suggesting that millennial wives, mothers, and, most notably, single women have made some labor market gains. However, marriage and parenthood effects that reward men and disadvantage women still persist and explain much of the within-gender inequality that occurs with changing family responsibilities. Finally, we find that the timing of family transition is an important determinant of future earnings, especially among young women.
Bibliography Citation
Maroto, Michelle Lee and Brian Serafini. "Different Story, Same Ending: Family-related Gender Earnings Penalties and Premiums Across Two Generations." Presented: San Francisco CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2014.
2. Maroto, Michelle Lee
Serafini, Brian
The Declining Significance of Parenthood? Effects of Parental Status on Wages for Young Adults Across Generations
Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Earnings; Fatherhood; Motherhood; Mothers, Income; Parenthood; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Although many studies demonstrate motherhood penalties and fatherhood premiums, most rely on data from older cohorts of workers, and questions remain as to whether parenthood still leads to the same earnings disparities for millennial workers as it has for the baby boomer cohort. To answer these questions, this paper presents results from cross-cohort analyses of NLSY 1979 and 1997 data that compare family earnings disparities among young workers. We combine modeling strategies to highlight trends across cohorts, tease out composition and "price" effects, and account for selection factors. We find that, while parenthood continues to pattern the earnings of younger-aged workers, the nature of these effects has changed over time. The motherhood penalty has declined, largely because mothers increased their work hours and work experience, but the fatherhood premium remains unchanged. Finally, we conclude that different selection processes into parenthood likely play a role in its changing effects on earnings.
Bibliography Citation
Maroto, Michelle Lee and Brian Serafini. "The Declining Significance of Parenthood? Effects of Parental Status on Wages for Young Adults Across Generations." Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017.
3. Serafini, Brian
The Declining Significance of Motherhood? Differential Effects of Children on Boomer and Millennial Women's Wages
Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Maternal Employment; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Motherhood; Mothers, Income; Parenthood; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Although studies demonstrate that mothers earn lower wages than childless women among older cohorts of workers, questions remain as to whether parenthood still leads to the same earnings disparities for millennial women and men as it has for the baby boomer cohort. To answer this question, we apply decomposition and hybrid mixed effects models to National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997 data to examine the intracohort effects of parenthood across generations of baby boomers and millennials. We find that parenthood does not affect earnings among millennials in the same way as it has for baby boomer women, but, even with changing relationships, motherhood is still very much a factor for millennial women. Although OLS models show a similar motherhood penalty among millennial women, more detailed decomposition models highlight the employment factors contributing to these trends and hybrid mixed effects models indicate that selection into parenthood has also played a role in these changes.
Bibliography Citation
Serafini, Brian. "The Declining Significance of Motherhood? Differential Effects of Children on Boomer and Millennial Women's Wages." Presented: Montreal, QC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2017.