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Author: Shierholz, Heidi S.

Resulting in 3 citations.

1.	Moore, Quinn Shierholz, Heidi S.
1.	Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes? Presented: Toronto, ON, 2006 Meetings of The Canadian Law and Economics Association, September 2006 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers, Incarceration; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As a result of deliberate policy decisions over the last three decades to increase the probability and lengths of prison sentences, the incarceration rate for state and federal prisoners has grown by 340% since 1980. Incarceration rates have risen even faster for women -- 560% percent over the same time period. These dramatic increases raise some conspicuous policy questions about the effects -- beyond the intended effects of punishment, incapacitation, and deterrence -- of imprisonment on prisoners, their families and their communities. The economic literature on the externalities of imprisonment has focused primarily on the effects of involvement in the criminal justice system on later employment and earnings. Much less is known about the effects of parental incarceration on children's outcomes, though the little available evidence suggests that the effect is large and detrimental. Developing a more complete understanding of the independent effect of parental incarceration on child outcomes is crucial to informing policy decisions, particularly in light of the recent dramatic increase in the use of imprisonment. In this paper, we examine the effects of maternal imprisonment on children's educational outcomes using data from the Children of the NLSY. These data include a rich set of variables related to both the mother and the child, including maternal criminal history and a set of standardized child cognitive assessments. We employ both child and sibling fixed effects specifications to address the presence of unobservable characteristics that may be correlated with both maternal imprisonment and child outcomes. These fixed effects estimates attempt to identify the independent effect of maternal imprisonment on child outcomes -- independent, that is, from the effects of the nonrandom selection into the population of kids whose moms are in prison. Preliminary results show that both reading scores and behavioral problems worsen significantly for every year of maternal imprisonment. Math scores also worsen though the effect is not significant.
	Bibliography Citation Moore, Quinn and Heidi S. Shierholz. "Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes?" Presented: Toronto, ON, 2006 Meetings of The Canadian Law and Economics Association, September 2006.

2.	Shierholz, Heidi S. Moore, Quinn
2.	Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes? Presented: Washington, DC, Twenty-Seventh Annual Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Research Conference, "Understanding and Informing Policy Design", November 2005 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As a result of deliberate policy decisions over the last three decades to increase the probability and lengths of prison sentences, the incarceration rate for state and federal prisoners has grown by 340% since 1980. Incarceration rates have risen even faster for women -- 560% percent over the same time period. These dramatic increases raise some conspicuous policy questions about the effects -- beyond the intended effects of punishment, incapacitation, and deterrence -- of imprisonment on prisoners, their families and their communities. The economic literature on the externalities of imprisonment has focused primarily on the effects of involvement in the criminal justice system on later employment and earnings. Much less is known about the effects of parental incarceration on children's outcomes, though the little available evidence suggests that the effect is large and detrimental. Developing a more complete understanding of the independent effect of parental incarceration on child outcomes is crucial to informing policy decisions, particularly in light of the recent dramatic increase in the use of imprisonment. In this paper, we examine the effects of maternal imprisonment on children's educational outcomes using data from the Children of the NLSY. These data include a rich set of variables related to both the mother and the child, including maternal criminal history and a set of standardized child cognitive assessments. We employ both child and sibling fixed effects specifications to address the presence of unobservable characteristics that may be correlated with both maternal imprisonment and child outcomes. These fixed effects estimates attempt to identify the independent effect of maternal imprisonment on child outcomes -- independent, that is, from the effects of the nonrandom selection into the population of kids whose moms are in prison. Preliminary results show that both reading scores and behavioral problems worsen significantly for every year of maternal imprisonment. Math scores also worsen though the effect is not significant.
	Bibliography Citation Shierholz, Heidi S. and Quinn Moore. "Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes?" Presented: Washington, DC, Twenty-Seventh Annual Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Research Conference, "Understanding and Informing Policy Design", November 2005.

3.	Shierholz, Heidi S. Moore, Quinn
3.	The Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes? Presented: Toronto, Canada, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2005 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: American Society of Criminology Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As a result of deliberate policy decisions, the incarceration rate for state and federal prisoners has grown by 340% since 1980. Incarceration rates have risen even faster for women -- 560% percent over the same time period. These dramatic increases raise conspicuous questions about the effects -- beyond the intended effects of punishment, incapacitation, and deterrence -- of imprisonment on prisoners, their families and their communities. Specifically, little is known about the effects of parental incarceration on children's outcomes, though the available evidence suggests that the effects are large and detrimental. Developing a more complete understanding of the independent effect of parental incarceration on child outcomes is crucial to informing policy decisions surrounding the use of imprisonment. In this paper, we examine the effects of maternal imprisonment on children's educational outcomes using data from the Children of the NLSY. These data include a rich set of variables related to both the mother and the child, including maternal criminal history and a set of standardized child cognitive assessments. We employ both child and sibling fixed-effects specifications to address the presence of unobservable characteristics that may be correlated with both maternal imprisonment and child outcomes. These fixed-effects estimates attempt to identify the independent effect of maternal imprisonment on child outcomes -- independent, that is, from the effects of the nonrandom selection into the population of kids whose moms are in prison. Preliminary results show that both reading scores and behavioral problems worsen significantly for every year of maternal imprisonment.
	Bibliography Citation Shierholz, Heidi S. and Quinn Moore. "The Externalities of Imprisonment: Does Maternal Incarceration Affect Child Outcomes?" Presented: Toronto, Canada, American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, November 2005.

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