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Author: Taylor, Lowell J.

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Black, Dan A. Haviland, Amelia Sanders, Seth G. Taylor, Lowell J.
1.	Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated Working Paper, Centre for Economic Performance, London, England, November 2003. Also: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/seminarpapers/05-12-03-BLA.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics & Political Science Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Wage Gap Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We argue that among the highly educated, pre-labor market factors are responsible for more than half the measured gender wage gap. Further, women's lower level of labor market experience accounts for a substantial portion of the remaining gap. The non-parametric analysis we employ makes no functional forms assumption and forces us to directly address the support issue. Without careful attention to these two issues and more accurate data on education attainment, the role of pre-labor market factors and women's lower level of labor market experience in explaining gender wage disparities is greatly understated.
	Bibliography Citation Black, Dan A., Amelia Haviland, Seth G. Sanders and Lowell J. Taylor. "Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated." Working Paper, Centre for Economic Performance, London, England, November 2003.

2.	Black, Dan A. Hsu, Yu-Chieh Sanders, Seth G. Schofield, Lynne Steuerle Taylor, Lowell J.
2.	The Methuselah Effect: The Pernicious Impact of Unreported Deaths on Old Age Mortality Estimates NBER Working Paper No. 23574, National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2017. Also: http://www.nber.org/papers/w23574 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Mortality; National Health Interview Survey (NHIS); Racial Differences We examine inferences about old age mortality that arise when researchers use survey data matched to death records. We show that even small rates of failure to match respondents can lead to substantial bias in the measurement of mortality rates at older ages. This type of measurement error is consequential for three strands in the demographic literature: (1) the deceleration in mortality rates at old ages, (2) the black-white mortality crossover, and (3) the relatively low rate of old age mortality among Hispanics--often called the "Hispanic paradox." Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (NLS-OM) matched to death records in both the U.S. Vital Statistics system and the Social Security Death Index, we demonstrate that even small rates of missing mortality matching plausibly lead to an appearance of mortality deceleration when none exists, and can generate a spurious black-white mortality crossover. We confirm these findings using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) matched to the U.S. Vital Statistics system, a dataset known as the "gold standard" (Cowper et al., 2002) for estimating age-specific mortality. Moreover, with these data we show that the Hispanic paradox is also plausibly explained by a similar undercount.
	Bibliography Citation Black, Dan A., Yu-Chieh Hsu, Seth G. Sanders, Lynne Steuerle Schofield and Lowell J. Taylor. "The Methuselah Effect: The Pernicious Impact of Unreported Deaths on Old Age Mortality Estimates." NBER Working Paper No. 23574, National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2017.

3.	Black, Dan A. Sanders, Seth G. Schofield, Lynne Steuerle Taylor, Lowell J.
3.	Regional Differences in the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality: Evidence from the NLSY Presented: Atlanta GA, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2019 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Cognitive Ability; Geocoded Data; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Noncognitive Skills; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In a series of important papers (e.g., Chetty et al., 2014, and Chetty et al., forthcoming), Raj Chetty and coauthors show that there is substantial variation in the geography of intergenerational mobility; children born to parents with moderate income are more upwardly mobile in some places than in others. Chetty and Hendren ascribe a casual role to place‐based factors. In this paper we seek to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomenon by studying intergenerational links in cognitive and non‐cognitive ability--using data elements from mothers in the NLSY79 and their children in the NLSY79‐Child. There are two innovations in our study. First, in analyzing parent‐child links in cognition, we use item response level data collected for the purpose of constructing latent variables (the AFQT, PIAT, etc.), as in Junker et al. (2015). Second, we employ restricted‐use data elements to identify geography, matched to statistics constructed from Census data, and from the data files posted by the "Equality of Opportunity Project" team (Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, and colleagues). The goal is to see if the place‐based upward mobility documented in the work in Chetty and coauthors is driven in part by improved "upward mobility" across generations in cognitive and non‐cognitive ability.
	Bibliography Citation Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders, Lynne Steuerle Schofield and Lowell J. Taylor. "Regional Differences in the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality: Evidence from the NLSY." Presented: Atlanta GA, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2019.

4.	Hsu, Yu-Chieh Taylor, Lowell J.
4.	Error in the Measurement of Mortality: An Application to the Analysis of Racial Mortality Disparity Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Methods/Methodology; Mortality; Racial Differences; Racial Studies; Underreporting Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A large empirical literature studies the forces that shape racial disparity in mortality. Given that factors early in one's life can be important for subsequent mortality outcomes, such research often relies on panel data. An important example is the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (NLS-OM), which collected data for men aged 45--59 in 1966 and several subsequent years, and then also reported deaths as indicated by death certificate data collected in 1990. An important methodological issue arises in studies that use such data: deaths are likely to be under-reported, most likely in systematic ways. In the NLS-OM, for example, the matching procedure appears to have missed a substantial number of deaths. We work out a simple model that illustrates the effect of this measurement error, and then show that inappropriate handling of the measurement error in survival analysis causes serious problems for inference.
	Bibliography Citation Hsu, Yu-Chieh and Lowell J. Taylor. "Error in the Measurement of Mortality: An Application to the Analysis of Racial Mortality Disparity." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.

5.	Junker, Brian Schofield, Lynne Steuerle Taylor, Lowell J.
5.	The Use of Cognitive Ability Measures as Explanatory Variables in Regression Analysis IZA Journal of Labor Economics 1,4 (October 2012): . Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2193-8997-1-4 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Racial Differences; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Cognitive ability measures are often taken as explanatory variables in regression analysis, e.g., as a factor affecting a market outcome such as an individual’s wage, or a decision such as an individual’s education acquisition. Cognitive ability is a latent construct; its true value is unobserved. Nonetheless, researchers often assume that a test score, constructed via standard psychometric practice from individuals’ responses to test items, can be safely used in regression analysis. We examine problems that can arise, and suggest that an alternative approach, a “mixed effects structural equations” (MESE) model, may be more appropriate in many circumstances.
	Bibliography Citation Junker, Brian, Lynne Steuerle Schofield and Lowell J. Taylor. "The Use of Cognitive Ability Measures as Explanatory Variables in Regression Analysis." IZA Journal of Labor Economics 1,4 (October 2012): .

6.	Ritter, Joseph A. Taylor, Lowell J.
6.	Racial Disparity in Unemployment Review of Economic and Statistics 93,1(February 2011): 30-42 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: MIT Press Keyword(s): Black Studies; Discrimination, Employer; Discrimination, Job; Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Racial Differences; Statistical Analysis; Unemployment Rate; Wage Theory "In the United States, black workers earn less than their white counterparts and have higher rates of unemployment. Empirical work indicates that most of this wage gap is accounted for by differences in cognitive skills that emerge at an early age. In this paper, we demonstrate that the same is not true for black-white disparity in unemployment. A large unexplained unemployment differential motivates the paper's second contribution--a potential theoretical explanation. This explanation is built around a model that embeds statistical discrimination into the subjective worker evaluation process that lies at the root of the efficiency-wage theory of equilibrium unemployment." (p.30)
	Bibliography Citation Ritter, Joseph A. and Lowell J. Taylor. "Racial Disparity in Unemployment." Review of Economic and Statistics 93,1(February 2011): 30-42.

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