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Author: Tice, Peter Charles
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Tice, Peter Charles |
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Poverty and Change in Children's Depression and Self-Esteem During the Adolescent Transition Presented: Washington, DC, Society for the Study of Social Problems Annual Meeting, August 2000 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Sociological Abstracts Keyword(s): Child Development; Child Health; Children, Mental Health; Cognitive Development; Depression (see also CESD); Health Factors; Home Environment; Poverty; Psychological Effects; Self-Esteem Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Research on mental health effects of child poverty and self-concept research are integrated for a study investigating the relationship between change in children's self-esteem and depression as a function of specific poverty experiences during the adolescent transition. The underlying hypothesis is that poverty status over time matters in describing a self-esteem and/or depression growth trajectory. In other words, self-esteem and depression growth trajectories should vary systematically by the specific poverty sequences children experience. The data for this paper come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a multipurpose sample originally designed to study young women, ages 14-21, in 1979; in 1986, NLSY began collecting information on the children of these mothers every two years. The 1990, 1992, and 1994 waves meet the basic requirements for studying change with growth curve analysis. This paper, however, juxtaposes results from a growth curve model with those from a piecewise model. The piecewise model compensates for a tendency in the linear growth model to ignore change associated with the second data wave. The results are based on 895 children, between the ages 8-10 in 1990. The sample is subdivided by the eight possible poverty sequences between 1990 and 1994. The statistical models control for both child and mother demographics as well as three home environment variables measuring available levels of cognitive stimulation and emotional support and the physical conditions of the home itself. The results show that studying change with a piecewise model provides a different picture of who is changing and how they change compared to results based on a linear growth model. In many, but not all instances, the linear growth model misrepresents the change process of children with specific poverty experiences. As for control variables, the results show that the home environment plays a central role, especially cognitive stimulation available to children. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tice, Peter Charles. "Poverty and Change in Children's Depression and Self-Esteem During the Adolescent Transition." Presented: Washington, DC, Society for the Study of Social Problems Annual Meeting, August 2000. |
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Tice, Peter Charles |
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Poverty Experience and Children's Behavioral and Psychological Outcomes: Contrasting a Latent Growth Curve and Piece-Wise Model of Individual Change Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cincinnati, August 2000 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavior, Antisocial; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Poverty; Deviance; Family Income; Family Structure; Family Studies; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Poverty; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Yearly child poverty rates escalated during the late 1980's and early 1990's, averaging near 20 percent during any given year. These yearly snapshots only tell part of the story by masking a time dimension to children's experience with poverty. That is, some children are poor for a short period of time, while others are poor for a longer period, and some are poor for their entire childhood. Scholars are increasingly concerned with the developmental consequences associated with child poverty, and typically measure these consequences in terms of cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Previous research, however, has not directed attention to the relationship between problem behaviors and self-esteem, especially over time. Given the availability of longitudinal data sets, such as the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), focusing research questions on the long-term consequences of child poverty is now feasible. This dissertation does just that by investigating the relationship between change in children's antisocial behavior and self-esteem as a function of poverty experience. Using three waves of data from the NLSY (1990, 1992, 1994) this dissertation juxtaposes results from two models of individual change: (1) latent growth curve, and (2) piece-wise. The justification for this contrast stems from the equation estimating a latent growth curve slope (change) coefficient. The estimation procedure in a three wave design ignores the second data wave, thus raising the question, 'does ignoring the second data wave smooth over significant change that is captured in a piece-wise model?" The answer is yes; the latent growth curve smooths over significant change suggesting that results from a piece-wise model portray a more accurate (at least statistically) picture regarding poverty experience and change in children's antisocial behavior and self-esteem. Discussion of results focus on the piece-wise model with summary paragraphs from the latent growth curve attached. Further, discussion of the results begins with main effects common to the entire sample, followed by interaction effects between independent variables and seven poverty patterns comprising the sample. The results suggest greater explanatory power in predicting initial value than slope (change) coefficients. |
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Bibliography Citation
Tice, Peter Charles. Poverty Experience and Children's Behavioral and Psychological Outcomes: Contrasting a Latent Growth Curve and Piece-Wise Model of Individual Change. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cincinnati, August 2000. |