Search Results

Author: Upchurch, Dawn M.
Resulting in 12 citations.
1. Lillard, Lee A.
Upchurch, Dawn M.
Panis, Constantijn W. A.
Interdependencies over the Life Course Women's Fertility, Marital, and Educational Experiences
Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Divorce; Education; Endogeneity; Fertility; Life Course; Life Cycle Research; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Modeling, Probit; Remarriage; Simultaneity; Women's Education

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The purpose of this paper is to examine women's life course transitions over three life domains (fertility, marriage, and education) by considering the following distinct behavioral "processes": marital and nonmarital fertility, getting married (or remarried), getting divorced, and completed education and enrollment status. We provide a more complete description of women's life course during the young adult years by analyzing the determinants of the patterns and timing of these events using flexible conceptual and statistical models which account for their inherent dynamic nature and their jointness. We model a series of simultaneous hazard (and probit) equations in which the endogeneity of outcomes of related processes is incorporated to test a number of substantive hypotheses. The data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.
Bibliography Citation
Lillard, Lee A., Dawn M. Upchurch and Constantijn W. A. Panis. "Interdependencies over the Life Course Women's Fertility, Marital, and Educational Experiences." Presented: Miami, FL, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1994.
2. Panis, Constantijn W. A.
Lillard, Lee A.
Upchurch, Dawn M.
Implications of Family Formation for Educational Attainment Among Young Women
Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Education Indicators; Educational Attainment; Event History; Fertility; Marriage; Methods/Methodology; Modeling; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; School Completion; Schooling; Women's Education

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper analyzes educational choices made by young women in the United States. The focus is on the consequences of family formation outcomes (fertility and marriage) for schooling decisions. In order to address the issue of selectivity among women who bear children and/or get married while in school, we develop a model in which schooling, fertility, and marriage decisions are considered jointly. The empirical model of schooling explicitly recognizes that decisions to proceed in school are taken sequentially, over time. We use the precise timing of events in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to determine the effects on schooling continuation decisions. The relative timing of pregnancies, marriage dates, and graduation dates are used to gain insight into the directions of causality and the magnitude of the effects.
Bibliography Citation
Panis, Constantijn W. A., Lee A. Lillard and Dawn M. Upchurch. "Implications of Family Formation for Educational Attainment Among Young Women." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995.
3. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Early Schooling and Childbearing Experiences: Implications for Post-Secondary School Attendance
Presented: Bethesda, MD, NICHD Conference, "Outcomes of Early Childbearing: An Appraisal of Recent Evidence", May 18-19, 1992
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing, Adolescent; Family Background and Culture; Fertility; Heterogeneity; Household Composition; Mothers, Education; Schooling, Post-secondary

A continuing research question among social scientists concerns the relationship between educational attainment and fertility, and of specific interest has been better understanding the relationship between educational attainment and adolescent fertility. Early studies suggested that adolescent mothers suffered educational deficits due primarily to the interruption of high school, thereby blocking their entry into post-secondary schooling. Later studies, recognizing that not all adolescent mothers drop out of high school permanently, suggested that even for those young mothers who were eligible to attend post-secondary school, their rates of entry and completion were lower than women who were not adolescent mothers. Fully understanding how adolescent childbearing and education are inter-linked is crucial to forming valid conclusions regarding the social consequences of adolescent childbearing, especially as they relate to poverty. This paper attempts to further define relevant categories of young women (based on their high school and childbearing experiences), to compare these groups conditioned on a number of characteristics, and to examine the impact on post-secondary school attendance. It is new in its approach because it considers fertility and schooling as joint decisions and allows for heterogeneity between the groups of women. In addition, it tests specific mechanisms by which adolescent mothers education might be hindered: "blockage" and "persistent disadvantage."
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. "Early Schooling and Childbearing Experiences: Implications for Post-Secondary School Attendance." Presented: Bethesda, MD, NICHD Conference, "Outcomes of Early Childbearing: An Appraisal of Recent Evidence", May 18-19, 1992.
4. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Early Schooling and Childbearing Experiences: Implications for Postsecondary School Attendance
Journal of Research on Adolescence 3,4 (1993): 423-443
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ==> Taylor & Francis
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Dropouts; Education; Family Background and Culture; Fertility; Household Composition; Mothers, Adolescent; School Completion; School Dropouts; Schooling; Schooling, Post-secondary

Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. "Early Schooling and Childbearing Experiences: Implications for Postsecondary School Attendance." Journal of Research on Adolescence 3,4 (1993): 423-443.
5. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Effects of Early Childbearing on High School Completion Among Recent Cohorts of American Women
Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1989
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Behavior; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Educational Attainment; High School Completion/Graduates; Hispanics; Women

While most of the previous studies on the possible influence of early childbearing on educational attainment have assumed the direction of causality from early childbearing to truncated education, few have actually examined the precise timing of events. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the relationship between early childbearing and educational attainment (specifically high school completion) with particular emphasis on the timing and sequencing of a birth and dropping out of school. The conceptual framework was based on a modified status attainment model incorporating early adolescent characteristics as well as fertility-related behaviors. The data were obtained from the NLSY. Two statistical methodologies were employed: analysis of binary data and analysis of survival data. The major finding of this study is that the timing and sequencing of a birth relative to the schooling process influences a woman's eventual graduation; women who become mothers while still in s chool are no less likely to graduate than women who progress through school without a birth or drop out experience. While some women drop out because they are pregnant, the majority of women drop out for reasons other than impending motherhood and go on to become mothers. The second major finding suggests there are important racial differences in the determinants of high school completion and in the processes of childbearing and schooling. Black school-age mothers were more likely to graduate than similar whites or Hispanics. The findings suggest the effects of early childbearing on schooling may have been overstated in previous research and that the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship of childbearing and schooling are more complex than suggested by earlier researchers.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. Effects of Early Childbearing on High School Completion Among Recent Cohorts of American Women. Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1989.
6. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Astone, Nan Marie
McCarthy, James
Influences of Family Background on Adolescent Childbearing: From the 1940s to the 1980s
Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990
Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Fertility; First Birth; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mothers, Education; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The purpose of this paper is to begin to examine whether or not the influences of background and other characteristics on adolescent childbearing have changed across three birth cohorts of women. Two specific questions were addressed. First, have the effects of background factors on adolescent childbearing changed for women born in the 1930s, the 1950s and the 1960s? Secondly, focusing on the two youngest cohorts of women, the authors develop more fully specified models. The data used for the analysis were obtained from three separate surveys, the NLS of Mature Women, Young Women, and NLSY. The findings suggest that family background factors exert a strong influence across all three cohorts of women, with women from more disadvantaged backgrounds more likely to become adolescent mothers. However, it does appear that some factors, such as family structure may have declined in importance over the period while the effect of mother's education increased over time at least fo r whites. While the models explained more variation and the effects are stronger among whites, the models were remarkably similar for blacks and whites of each cohort. Finally, family background factors were found to be more important predictors of childbearing during younger adolescence than during later adolescence.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M., Nan Marie Astone and James McCarthy. "Influences of Family Background on Adolescent Childbearing: From the 1940s to the 1980s." Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990.
7. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Lillard, Lee A.
Panis, Constantijn W. A.
Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Education, Marriage, and Fertility
Demography 39, 2 (May 2002): 311-329.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/w173r5810x4g1j8g/
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Divorce; Education; Educational Attainment; Endogeneity; Family Formation; Fertility; Life Course; Marital Dissolution; Marital Status; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We examined the determinants of nonmarital fertility, focusing on the effects of other life-course events: education, marriage, marital dissolution, and marital fertility. Since these determinants are potentially endogenous, we modeled the processes that generate them jointly with nonmarital fertility and accounted for the sequencing of events and the unobserved correlations across processes. The results showed that the risk of nonmarital conception increases immediately after leaving school and that the educational effects are less pronounced for black women than for other women. The risk is lower for previously married women than for never-married women, even controlling for age, but this reduction is only significant for black women. The more children a woman already has, the lower her risk of nonmarital childbearing, particularly if the other children were born during a previous marriage. Ignoring endogeneity issues seriously biases the estimates of several substantively important effects.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M., Lee A. Lillard and Constantijn W. A. Panis. "Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Education, Marriage, and Fertility." Demography 39, 2 (May 2002): 311-329.
8. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Lillard, Lee A.
Panis, Constantijn W. A.
Updating Women's Life Course: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations
Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Life Course; Life Cycle Research; Modeling; Simultaneity; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The purpose of this paper is to further develop theoretical aspects of women's life course by broadening our empirical understanding of key life course concepts and discussing the implications. First, we explore how our contributions expand upon the dynamic nature of the life course perspective. Second, we advance our understanding of the ways in which transitions (short run) are embedded within specific trajectories by modeling several trajectories in a simultaneous fashion. Finally, we present some empirical findings using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and conclude by recommending future directions for life course research.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M., Lee A. Lillard and Constantijn W. A. Panis. "Updating Women's Life Course: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Population Association of America Meetings, 1995.
9. Upchurch, Dawn M.
McCarthy, James
Adolescent Childbearing and High School Completion in the 1980s: Have Things Changed?
Family Planning Perspectives 21,5 (September-October 1989): 199-202.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2135571
Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Alan Guttmacher Institute
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Childbearing; Childbearing, Adolescent; Fertility; First Birth; High School Completion/Graduates; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mothers; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper explores the trends in the association between age at first birth and high school completion over the past thirty years. Data from three national surveys of women, the NLS of Mature Women, Young Women, and NLSY, were utilized in order to examine the experiences of women who were adolescents from the 1950s through the early 1980s. It was found that differentials in percentages completing high school by age at first birth persisted, but were considerably smaller in 1986 than they were in 1958. This convergence occurred because increases in the percentages of school-age mothers graduating from 1958 to 1986 were greater than the gains achieved by all women. However, there were differences by race in the concentration of these gains between 1958 and 1986. Young white mothers experienced the greatest increases between 1975 and 1986, whereas the largest gains for young black mothers were in the earlier period, from 1958 to 1975. To examine changes by socioeconomic status, within racial groups, the authors focused more closely on the period from 1975 to 1986 and found that school-age mothers from more disadvantaged backgrounds had the greatest gains in percent graduating, but that differentials by socioeconomic status persisted in 1986, with more advantaged black and white young mothers still more likely to graduate than their less advantaged counterparts.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. and James McCarthy. "Adolescent Childbearing and High School Completion in the 1980s: Have Things Changed?" Family Planning Perspectives 21,5 (September-October 1989): 199-202.
10. Upchurch, Dawn M.
McCarthy, James
The Timing of a First Birth and High School Completion
American Sociological Review 55,2 (April 1990): 224-234.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095628
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Fertility; First Birth; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Dropouts; Schooling

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper re-examined the relationship between childbearing and schooling for a recent cohort of women. Utilizing data from the NLSY, it was found that while a birth is not predictive of dropping out of school, a birth does hinder eventual graduation among high school dropouts. Additionally, a women who becomes a mother at any time after dropping out of school is less likely to graduate; the effect of a birth depends very little on when it occurred after a women dropped out.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. and James McCarthy. "The Timing of a First Birth and High School Completion." American Sociological Review 55,2 (April 1990): 224-234.
11. Upchurch, Dawn M.
McCarthy, James
Ferguson, Linda R.
Childbearing and Schooling: Disentangling Temporal and Causal Mechanisms
American Sociological Review 58,5 (October 1993): 738-740.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096285
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Data Quality/Consistency; Educational Attainment; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Dropouts; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Schooling

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Reply to Anderson. The debate over the exact nature of the relationship between adolescent childbearing and educational attainment has continued for more than 20 years. The enduring interest in this relationship can be attributed to its important policy implications and the inherent complexity of the social phenomena. Researchers have approached the association between early childbearing and educational attainment from diverse theoretical perspectives and have tested hypotheses on diverse data sets, employing a host of analytical methods. One particularly revealing exchange demonstrated that different theoretical and methodological approaches can, even using the same data, produce quite different conclusions (Hofferth 1984; Rindfuss, St. John, and Bumpass 1984). These issues lie at the heart of most of Anderson's comments. In reviewing our paper, Anderson comes to conclusions that differ somewhat from ours. In this response we put our paper, and Anderson's comments, in the co ntext of the specific research questions posed in our paper. The results we presented in our ASR paper (Upchurch and McCarthy 1990) should be viewed in the context of the large body of research on the topic.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M., James McCarthy and Linda R. Ferguson. "Childbearing and Schooling: Disentangling Temporal and Causal Mechanisms." American Sociological Review 58,5 (October 1993): 738-740.
12. Upchurch, Dawn M.
Panis, Constantijn W. A.
Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Schooling, Marriage, and Prior Fertility
Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Education Indicators; Educational Returns; Endogeneity; Fertility; Life Course; Marital Dissolution; Marital Status; Modeling, Probit; Schooling; Simultaneity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In this paper we examine the determinants of nonmarital fertility focusing on the direct effects of other life course events (educational progression, getting married, marital fertility, and marital dissolution). We model the processes jointly to explicitly accounting for their potential endogeneity using simultaneous hazard (and probit) techniques (Lillard 1993), separating the joint determination (selectivity) from direct effects. The study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). We test a series of substantive hypotheses regarding the nature of these relationships. Our empirical findings demonstrate that failure to account for the endogeneity of these life course processes leads to biased estimates, and in some cases, misleading substantive conclusions.
Bibliography Citation
Upchurch, Dawn M. and Constantijn W. A. Panis. "Nonmarital Childbearing: Influences of Schooling, Marriage, and Prior Fertility." Presented: Chicago, IL, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1998.