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Author: VanOrman, Alicia
Resulting in 6 citations.
1. Carlson, Marcia Jeanne
Pilkauskas, Natasha
VanOrman, Alicia
Examining the Antecedents of U.S. Nonmarital Fathering using Two National Datasets
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Event History; Fatherhood; Fathers; Fathers, Biological; Fertility; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The dramatic rise in U.S. nonmarital childbearing in recent decades has generated considerable attention from both researchers and policymakers alike, particularly with respect to the implications for women and children. In turn, an extensive literature has examined the factors that predict women's nonmarital childbearing. Far less is known about the antecedents of nonmarital fatherhood, largely because data about men, especially low-income men who are disproportionately unmarried fathers, have been much less readily available. In this paper, we use data from two national datasets with multinomial logit models and event history analysis to examine the antecedents of contemporary U.S. nonmarital fathering. Preliminary results suggest that black and Hispanic men are much more likely to have a child outside of marriage, and higher education and older age at first sex strongly diminish the likelihood of having a nonmarital birth. We discuss the implications of our results for future research and public policy.
Bibliography Citation
Carlson, Marcia Jeanne, Natasha Pilkauskas and Alicia VanOrman. "Examining the Antecedents of U.S. Nonmarital Fathering using Two National Datasets." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.
2. Carlson, Marcia Jeanne
VanOrman, Alicia
Pilkauskas, Natasha
Examining the Antecedents of U.S. Nonmarital Fatherhood
Demography 50,4 (August 2013): 1421-1447.
Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-013-0201-9
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Earnings; Educational Attainment; Fatherhood; Marital Status; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite the dramatic rise in U.S. nonmarital childbearing in recent decades, limited attention has been paid to factors affecting nonmarital fatherhood (beyond studies of young fathers). In this article, we use data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to examine the antecedents of nonmarital fatherhood, as compared to marital fatherhood. Overall, we find the strongest support across both data sets for education and race/ethnicity as key predictors of having a nonmarital first birth, consistent with prior literature about women�s nonmarital childbearing and about men�s early/teenage fatherhood. Education is inversely related to the risk of nonmarital fatherhood, and minority (especially black) men are much more likely to have a child outside of marriage than white men. We find little evidence that employment predicts nonmarital fertility, although it does strongly (and positively) predict marital fertility. High predicted earnings are also associated with a greater likelihood of marital childbearing but with a lower likelihood of nonmarital childbearing. Given the socioeconomic disadvantage associated with nonmarital fatherhood, this research suggests that nonmarital fatherhood may be an important aspect of growing U.S. inequality and stratification both within and across generations.
Bibliography Citation
Carlson, Marcia Jeanne, Alicia VanOrman and Natasha Pilkauskas. "Examining the Antecedents of U.S. Nonmarital Fatherhood." Demography 50,4 (August 2013): 1421-1447.
3. VanOrman, Alicia
Changes in the Socioeconomic Gradient in Nonmarital Childbearing across Two U.S. Cohorts
Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Fertility; First Birth; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The dramatic growth in the prevalence of nonmarital fertility warrants a re-examination of how women's socioeconomic resources shape nonmarital childbearing. Drawing on a rational-choice model of fertility, prior research focused on births during the 1980s and found a negative relationship between women's socioeconomic resources and nonmarital childbearing. Since then, the nature of marriage and nonmarital childbearing has shifted and economic inequality increased, such that previously identified relationships may have changed. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts, this study compares two cohorts of women to examine change in how economic factors shape the risk of a nonmarital first birth. Preliminary results suggest that the linkages between wages, employment and education and nonmarital childbearing weakened across cohorts, whereas school enrollment became a more important predictor. These preliminary findings suggest we made need to reconsider how women's own economic resources influence nonmarital fertility.
Bibliography Citation
VanOrman, Alicia. "Changes in the Socioeconomic Gradient in Nonmarital Childbearing across Two U.S. Cohorts." Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015.
4. VanOrman, Alicia
Childhood Family Structure and the Transition to Adulthood
Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Childhood; Educational Attainment; Family Structure; Fertility; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Schooling, Post-secondary; Transition, Adulthood

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Family structure research typically examines single outcomes (e.g., fertility, educational attainment) during young adulthood, while an emerging literature on the ‘transition to adulthood' views outcomes as a developmental process with significant heterogeneity across individuals. This study links these literatures by investigating family structure as a determinant of the pathway to adulthood with family income as a potential mechanism. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) and use latent class analysis to model the transition to adulthood. Results suggest family structure differentiates broad types of pathways: nonmarital union formation and childbearing pathways from post-secondary educational attainment or marital family formation pathways. Family income partially mediates the relationship between family structure and the pathway to adulthood for youth originating from marital family structures. Income does not mediate the relationship for youth from nonmarital family structures.
Bibliography Citation
VanOrman, Alicia. "Childhood Family Structure and the Transition to Adulthood." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.
5. VanOrman, Alicia
Three Essays on the Interrelationships between Socioeconomic Resources, Family Formation, and Child Wellbeing
Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT)
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Cohabitation; Family Formation; Marital Status; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The first chapter uses data from two recent cohorts of young women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine how the relationship between women's socioeconomic status and having a child outside of marriage has changed across cohorts. Despite striking growth in the prevalence of nonmarital childbearing across cohorts, I find that nonmarital childbearing continues to be concentrated among less-advantaged women. In contrast to prior work, however, I also find that women's economic opportunities are increasingly important for nonmarital childbearing.

The second chapter draws on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort to investigate how men's and women's economic trajectories influence the transition to marriage among cohabitors. I find that growth in earnings and increased schooling hastens the transition to marriage, whereas a loss in earnings or employment encourages separation. The relationship between economic status and marriage varies little across gender and parental status, though the associations are more consistent among men and especially, fathers. The results of this study provide further evidence that having limited economic resources presents a significant barrier to marriage.

Bibliography Citation
VanOrman, Alicia. Three Essays on the Interrelationships between Socioeconomic Resources, Family Formation, and Child Wellbeing. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015.
6. VanOrman, Alicia
Carlson, Marcia Jeanne
Nonmarital Childbearing and Socioeconomic Trajectories for Men and Women
Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Life Course; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Motherhood; Parents, Single; Propensity Scores; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

As the proportion of nonmartial births continues to rise, understanding how nonmarital parenthood fits into the life course is increasingly important. Early research on women links unwed motherhood to a range of adverse economic outcomes, but far less is known about how unmarried fatherhood impacts men’s long-term socioeconomic trajectories. Due to these gaps, it is unclear how unmarried fatherhood alters men’s life course and if unmarried parenthood impacts men’s lives differently than women’s. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort, we use a propensity score matching model, and latent growth curve techniques to show the extent to which potentially adverse outcomes occur in response to nonmarital parenthood, and how the effects vary by gender and race/ethnicity. This study will extend prior research by providing more detailed information about the varying effects of having a child outside of marriage on contemporary men’s and women’s socioeconomic trajectories.
Bibliography Citation
VanOrman, Alicia and Marcia Jeanne Carlson. "Nonmarital Childbearing and Socioeconomic Trajectories for Men and Women." Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013.