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Author: Vella, Francis

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1.	Farré-Olalla, Lídia Vella, Francis
1.	Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes and its Implications for Female Labor Force Participation IZA Discussion Paper No. 2802, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 2007 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Attitudes; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Labor Force Participation; Parental Influences; Women's Roles Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a sample of mother-child pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the Young Adults of the NLSY79 we explore the relationship between a woman's attitudes towards the role of females in the labor market and the attitudes of her children. We also examine whether this intergenerational cultural link has implications for the labor market behavior of the females in the NLSY79. We find that a woman's attitudes have a statistically significant effect on her children's views towards working women. Furthermore we find that this cultural transmission influences female labor market decisions. Our results imply that a woman's view regarding the role of females in the labor market and family not only affects the labor market force participation decision of her daughter, but also has an equally strong association with the labor force participation of the wife of her son. These results indicate that the transmission of gender role attitudes contributes to the persistence of economic status across generations.
	Bibliography Citation Farré-Olalla, Lídia and Francis Vella. "Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes and its Implications for Female Labor Force Participation." IZA Discussion Paper No. 2802, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 2007.

2.	Farré, Lídia Klein, Roger Vella, Francis
2.	A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY Empirical Economics 44,1 (February 2013):111-133. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00181-010-0376-5 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Educational Returns; Endogeneity; Schooling; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. An innovation which bypasses the need for instruments when estimating endogenous treatment effects is identification via conditional second moments. The most general of these approaches is Klein and Vella (J Econom 154:154–164, 2010), which models the conditional variances semiparametrically. While this is attractive, as identification is not reliant on parametric assumptions for variances, the nonparametric aspect of the estimation may discourage practitioners from its use. This paper outlines how the estimator can be implemented parametrically. The use of parametric assumptions is accompanied by a large reduction in computational and programming demands. We illustrate the approach by estimating the return to education using a sample drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Accounting for endogeneity increases the estimate of the return to education from 6.8 to 11.2%.
	Bibliography Citation Farré, Lídia, Roger Klein and Francis Vella. "A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY." Empirical Economics 44,1 (February 2013):111-133.

3.	Farré, Lídia Vella, Francis
3.	The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes and its Implications for Female Labour Force Participation Economica 80, 318 (April 2013): 219-247. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecca.12008/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Attitudes; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Labor Force Participation; Maternal Employment; Parental Influences Using a sample of mother–child pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we study the economics of cultural transmission regarding women's roles. We find that a mother's attitudes have a statistically significant effect on those of her children. Furthermore, we find a strong association between the attitudes of sons in their youth and their wives' labour supply as adults. For daughters, the association between their own attitudes and adult work outcomes is weaker and seems to operate through the educational channel. Our findings indicate that cultural transmission contributes to heterogeneity in the labour supply of women.
	Bibliography Citation Farré, Lídia and Francis Vella. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Role Attitudes and its Implications for Female Labour Force Participation." Economica 80, 318 (April 2013): 219-247.

4.	Moscarini, Giuseppe Vella, Francis
4.	Occupational Mobility and Employment Reallocation: Evidence from the NLSY79 Working Paper, Department of Economics, Yale University, September 2003. Also: http://www.econ.yale.edu/~mosca/mobility.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, Yale University Keyword(s): Education; Human Capital; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We estimate an empirical model of individual occupational mobility over the period 1984 to 1992 for a sample of youth from the NLSY79. We define occupational mobility at the 3-digit level, a finer disaggregation than typically employed, as we believe this more directly corresponds to a career. We focus on isolating the impact of two measures of human capital, formal education and work experience, on the occupational mobility of young workers who have only fairly recently entered the labor market. We employ a semi-parametric double index based estimator for discrete choice models, which allows a flexible relationship between the human capital variables and occupational mobility. We find statistically, and economically, strong negative effects from both formal education and work experience on occupational mobility. Most strikingly, we find that both effects appear to be of a similar magnitude, illustrating the occupation-specific nature of post high school education.
	Bibliography Citation Moscarini, Giuseppe and Francis Vella. "Occupational Mobility and Employment Reallocation: Evidence from the NLSY79." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Yale University, September 2003.

5.	Vella, Francis Farré, Lídia Klein, Roger
5.	A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY IZA Discussion Paper No 4935, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 2010. Also: http://ftp.iza.org/dp4935.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Keyword(s): Educational Returns; Endogeneity; Schooling; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We estimate the return to education using a sample drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). Rather than accounting for the endogeneity of schooling through the use of instrumental variables we employ a parametric version of the Klein and Vella (2006a) estimator. This estimator bypasses the need for instruments by exploiting features of the conditional second moments of the errors. As the Klein and Vella (2006a) procedure is semi-parametric it is computationally demanding. We illustrate how to greatly reduce the required computation by parameterizing the second moments. Accounting for endogeneity increases the estimate of the return to education by 5 percentage points, from 7.6% to 12.7%.
	Bibliography Citation Vella, Francis, Lídia Farré and Roger Klein. "A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY." IZA Discussion Paper No 4935, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), May 2010.

6.	Vella, Francis Farré, Lídia Klein, Roger
6.	A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY IVIE Working Paper-AD 2008-16, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, 2008 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones EconÃ³micas (IVIE) Keyword(s): Educational Returns; Endogeneity; Schooling; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We estimate the return to education using a sample drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). Rather than accounting for the endogeneity of schooling through the use of instrumental variables we employ a parametric version of the Klein and Vella (2006a) estimator. This estimator bypasses the need for instruments by exploiting features of the conditional second moments of the errors. As the Klein and Vella (2006a) procedure is semi-parametric it is computationally demanding. We illustrate how to greatly reduce the required computation by parameterizing the second moments. Accounting for endogeneity increases the estimate of the return to education by 5 percentage points, from 7.6% to 12.7%.
	Bibliography Citation Vella, Francis, Lídia Farré and Roger Klein. "A Parametric Control Function Approach to Estimating the Returns to Schooling in the Absence of Exclusion Restrictions: An Application to the NLSY." IVIE Working Paper-AD 2008-16, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, 2008.

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