Search Results

Author: Vilhuber, Lars
Resulting in 3 citations.
1. Margolis, David N.
Simonnet, Véronique
Vilhuber, Lars
Early Career Experiences and Later Career Outcomes: Comparing the United States, France, and Germany
Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 70. Jahrgang, Heft 1/2001, S. 31-38.
Also: http://ideas.repec.org/a/diw/diwvjh/70-10-5.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Duncker & Humblot GmbH
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Cross-national Analysis; France, French; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Germany, German; Heterogeneity; Human Capital; Labor Market Outcomes; Labor Market, Secondary; Modeling, Mixed Effects

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper explores the links between individuals' early career experiences and their labor market outcomes 5 to 20 years later using data from France, (western) Germany, and the United States. Relative to most of the literature, we consider a large set of measures of men's early career experiences and later career outcomes. Our results differ significantly across countries. Labor market outcomes in Germany are consistent with a dual labor market model. In the case of American workers, either the market learns about unobservable worker characteristics over time or the implicit contracts established at the start of the career are increasingly renegotiated over time. Unobserved heterogeneity in individuals' networks of labor market contacts is consistent with our results for France. These results reflect optimal firm responses to the different institutional environments in each country in the presence of ex ante imperfect information concerning young workers.
Full-text available on-lne at: http://www.atypon-link.com/DH/doi/pdf/10.3790/vjh.70.1.31
Bibliography Citation
Margolis, David N., Véronique Simonnet and Lars Vilhuber. "Early Career Experiences and Later Career Outcomes: Comparing the United States, France, and Germany." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 70. Jahrgang, Heft 1/2001, S. 31-38.
2. Vilhuber, Lars
Sector-Specific On-the-Job Training: Evidence from U.S. Data
CIRANO Working Papers 97s-42, Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations, December 1997.
Also: http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/circirwor/97s-42.htm
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: CIRANO - Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations
Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Human Capital; Job Tenure; Mobility, Job; Training, On-the-Job

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we re-examine the effect of formal on-the-job training on mobility patterns of young American workers. By employing parametric duration models, we evaluate the economic impact of training on productive time with an employer. Confirming previous studies, we find a positive and statistically significant impact of formal on-the-job training on tenure with the employer providing the training. However, expected duration net of the time spent in the training program is generally not significantly increased. We proceed to document and analyze intra-sectoral and cross-sectoral mobility patterns in order to infer whether training provides firm-specific, industry-specific, or general human capital. The econometric analysis rejects a sequential model of job separation in favor of a competing risks specification. We find significant evidence for the industry-specificity of training. The probability of sectoral mobility upon job separation decreases with training received in the current industry, whether with the last employer or previous employers, and employment attachment increases with on-the-job training. These results are robust to a number of variations on the base model.

An investigation of gender differences in occupational attainment of prime-age U.S. workers reveals that such differences do exist, especially among women, but apparently are the results of voluntary choices and long-term changes in the labor market

Bibliography Citation
Vilhuber, Lars. "Sector-Specific On-the-Job Training: Evidence from U.S. Data." CIRANO Working Papers 97s-42, Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations, December 1997.
3. Vilhuber, Lars
Trois Essais sur La Mobilité la Formation des Travailleurs en Allemagne et Aux Etats-Unis (French and English Text)
Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Montreal (Canada), 1999
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Apprenticeships; Heterogeneity; Human Capital; Labor Economics; Labor Market Outcomes; Labor Market Segmentation; Mobility; Training, On-the-Job; Unemployment Rate; Unions; Wage Models; Wages

Chapter 1 reviews models of on-the-job training and the empirical evidence in light of those models. A brief overview of the theory correlating alternative utility to a worker's wages is given within the context of Chapter 2.

In Chapter 2 we look at how labor market conditions at different points during the tenure of individuals with firms are correlated with current earnings. Using data on individuals from the German Socioeconomic Panel for the period 1985 to 1994, we find that both the contemporaneous unemployment rate and prior values of the unemployment rate are significantly correlated with current earnings, contrary to results for the American labor market. Whereas local unemployment rates determine levels of earnings, national rates influence contemporaneous variations in earnings. We interpret this result as evidence that German unions do in fact bargain over wages and employment, but that models of individualistic contracts, such as the implicit contract model, may explain some of the observed wage drift and longer term wage movements reasonably well. Furthermore, we explore the heterogeneity of contracts over a variety of worker and job characteristics. In particular, we find evidence that contracts differ across firm we and workers type.

Formal on-the-job training and its impact on the sectoral mobility of workers is the subject of Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 3, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we re-examine the effect of formal on-the-job training on mobility patterns of young American workers. Confirming previous studies, we find a positive and statistically significant impact of formal on-the-job training on tenure with the employer providing the training. However, expected duration net of the time spent in the training program is generally not significantly increased. We proceed to document and analyze intra-sectoral and cross-sectoral mobility patterns in order to infer whether training provides firm-specific, industry-specific, or general human capital. The econometric analysis rejects a sequential model of job separation in favor of a competing risks specification. We find significant evidence for the industry-specificity of training. The probability of sectoral mobility upon job separation decreases with training received in the current industry, whether with the last employer or previous employers, and employment attachment increases with on-the-job training.

Finally, Chapter 4 studies mobility patterns of German workers in fight of a model of sector-specific human capital. Furthermore, I employ and describe little-used data on continuous on-the-job training occurring after apprenticeships. Results are presented describing the incidence and duration of continuous training. Continuous training is quite common, despite the high incidence of apprenticeships which precedes this part of a worker's career. Most previous studies have only distinguished between firm-specific and general human capital, generally concluding that training was general. Inconsistent with those conclusions, I show that German men are more likely to find a job within the same sector if they have received continuous training in that sector. These results are similar to results obtained for young U.S. workers, and suggest that sector-specific capital is an important feature of very different labor markets. Furthermore, the results suggest that the observed effect of training on mobility is sensitive to the state of the business cycle. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Bibliography Citation
Vilhuber, Lars. Trois Essais sur La Mobilité la Formation des Travailleurs en Allemagne et Aux Etats-Unis (French and English Text). Ph.D. Dissertation, Université de Montreal (Canada), 1999.