Search Results

Author: Wenk, Deeann L.
Resulting in 10 citations.
1. Garrett, Patricia
Lubeck, Sally
Wenk, Deeann L.
Childbirth and Maternal Employment: Data from a National Longitudinal Survey
In: Parental Leave and Child Care: Setting a Research and Policy Agenda. JS Hyde, ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Temple University Press
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Childbearing; Employment; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Behavior; Racial Differences; Women; Work Reentry

This chapter explores the relationship between maternal employment around the time of childbirth and the socioeconomic characteristics of women and their families. Research is based on the NLSY, a nationally representative sample which contains many ethnic minorities and poor mothers, so data analysis systematically evaluates ethnicity and income as predictors of maternal employment behavior. Special attention focuses on the reincorporation of mothers with infants into the labor force in order to highlight the overlap between parental leave and childcare policies. The conclusion emphasizes the differential impacts of alternative policies on disadvantaged groups and illustrates the merits of a comprehensive work and family policy. The NLS data are also used to provide a conservative estimate of the proportion of mothers who would be covered if international norms for maternal leave were applicable in the United States.
Bibliography Citation
Garrett, Patricia, Sally Lubeck and Deeann L. Wenk. "Childbirth and Maternal Employment: Data from a National Longitudinal Survey" In: Parental Leave and Child Care: Setting a Research and Policy Agenda. JS Hyde, ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991
2. Garrett, Patricia
Wenk, Deeann L.
Lubeck, Sally
Working Around Childbirth: Comparative and Empirical Perspectives on Parental-Leave Policy
Child Welfare 69,5 (September-October 1990): 403-413.
Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ417134&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ417134
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Georgia Children's Home Society
Keyword(s): Child Care; Childbearing; Labor Force Participation; Legislation; Maternal Employment; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

An examination of international parental-leave policies, legislation, and trends. Statistics regarding women's reincorporation into the workforce after child delivery are analyzed, as well as infant day care needs. It is concluded that parental-leave policies need to incorporate job protection and wage replacement; an insurance fund is also recommended.
Bibliography Citation
Garrett, Patricia, Deeann L. Wenk and Sally Lubeck. "Working Around Childbirth: Comparative and Empirical Perspectives on Parental-Leave Policy." Child Welfare 69,5 (September-October 1990): 403-413.
3. Wenk, Deeann L.
A Residential Comparison of Women's Earnings and Types of Child Care Arrangement
Working Paper, University of Oklahoma, 1989
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Rural Sociological Society
Keyword(s): Child Care; Geographical Variation; Rural Sociology; Rural/Urban Differences; Urban and Regional Planning

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Presented: Seattle WA: Rural Sociological Society, 1989

The availability of child care services in nonmetropolitan areas is becoming an increasingly important issue because of the rising rates of labor force participation among rural women. While recent studies have shown a greater reliance on relatives for care versus day care centers in rural than in urban areas, reasons for the differences have not been fully explored. What variations in the types of child care exist and how they are related to women's wage rates are examined using data from the National Longitudinal Survey Merged Child/Mother File (sample = 1,163 children aged 3-5 born to a cohort of mothers aged 15-21 in 1979). Multinomial logistic analysis is used to estimate the effects of residence, household, and individual characteristics on type of care. The results have implications for women's employment and the availability of center care for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]

Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. "A Residential Comparison of Women's Earnings and Types of Child Care Arrangement." Working Paper, University of Oklahoma, 1989.
4. Wenk, Deeann L.
Garrett, Patricia
Having a Baby: Some Predictions of Maternal Employment around Childbirth
Gender and Society 6,1 (March 1992): 49-65.
Also: http://gas.sagepub.com/content/6/1/49.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Family Income; Job Status; Maternal Employment; Occupational Prestige

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The 1986 Merged Child/Mother File from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is used to examine employment patterns of 1,920 women who gave birth 1979-1986, exploring the influence of personal, job, and family status characteristics on timing and duration of maternal employment. Logistic regression and proportional hazards analyses reveal that family status factors and the proportion of the family income the mother earns are consistently important in predicting maternal employment. Human capital factors are more significant in predicting employment exit rates than return rates or employment status one year after a childbirth. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 27 References. Adapted from the source document. (Copyright 1992, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Patricia Garrett. "Having a Baby: Some Predictions of Maternal Employment around Childbirth." Gender and Society 6,1 (March 1992): 49-65.
5. Wenk, Deeann L.
Hardesty, Constance L.
Effects of Residence, Family Background and Household Structure on the Educational Attainment of Young Adults
In: Investing in People: The Human Capital Needs of Rural America. L.S. Beaulieu and D. Mulkey, eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Perseus Books Group
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Background and Culture; Geographical Variation; High School Completion/Graduates; Household Structure; Regions; Residence; Rural/Urban Differences; Schooling; Urban and Regional Planning

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Despite overall rises in the U.S., educational levels have been persistently lower in rural areas and in the south than in urban areas and the north. This study uses a modified status attainment approach to explore the influence of residence on high school completion and college attendance. Two questions are posed: (1) Does residence have an important effect on educational attainment after controlling for individual characteristics, family background and household structure? (2) Do the effects of family background and household structure vary by residence? A subsample of 3,854 men and women aged 14 to 22 in 1979 taken from the NLSY is used for analysis. Residence is measured as north/south and urban/rural residence at the time of expected high school graduation. The results indicate that the effects of family background account for the negative effects of living in the rural south on educational attainment. The within region analysis shows few differences suggesting that rural youth are just as able as other youth to utilize family resources to their advantage.
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "Effects of Residence, Family Background and Household Structure on the Educational Attainment of Young Adults" In: Investing in People: The Human Capital Needs of Rural America. L.S. Beaulieu and D. Mulkey, eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995
6. Wenk, Deeann L.
Hardesty, Constance L.
Family and Household Effects on the Educational Attainment of Young Adults
Technical Report, ERIC Document 334054. Previous version presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 1991).
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: ERIC
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Family Structure; Poverty; Residence; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study examines the impact of family structure, poverty level, and region of residence on educational attainment. The study uses data collected by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, with a probability sample of 3,854 men and women aged 14 to 18 in 1979. Logistic regression was used to allow for the analysis of dichotomous dependent variables (high school completion versus incompletion and attendance of at least one year of college versus not attending college). Parent's socioeconomic status is measured by the mother's and father's education and occupation. Household structure is categorized as two parent household, one parent household, or an alternative household form. Residential status is measured in terms of rural/urban and southern/non-southern. Significant findings are: (1) living in a single parent or two-parent household (in contrast to alternative form of household) increases the odds of completing high school and living in a two-parent household increases the odds of attending college; (2) education of both parents is a powerful predictor of college attendance; (3) living in poverty significantly decreases the odds of both high school completion and college attendance; and (4) the negative effect of living in the rural south disappears when the effects of family background are controlled.
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "Family and Household Effects on the Educational Attainment of Young Adults." Technical Report, ERIC Document 334054. Previous version presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Meetings, March 1991).
7. Wenk, Deeann L.
Hardesty, Constance L.
Persistent Poverty and Rural Residence Among Young Adults
Presented: Columbus, OH, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1991
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Rural Sociological Society
Keyword(s): Geographical Variation; Hispanics; Poverty; Racial Differences; Residence; Rural Areas; Rural Youth; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration; Unemployment Rate; Urban and Regional Planning

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Changes in poverty status and residence between 1979 and 1984 are examined for a cohort of men and women ages 14-21 in 1979, using data from the NLSY. This probability sample includes an overrepresentation of African Americans, Hispanics, and economically disadvantaged whites. It is demonstrated that examining residence at one point in time can distort the estimate of the persistence of poverty by region. The results suggest that both persistent poverty and persistent wealth are more common among long-term urban than among long-term rural residents, but that poverty is more pervasive among those living in rural areas. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "Persistent Poverty and Rural Residence Among Young Adults." Presented: Columbus, OH, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1991.
8. Wenk, Deeann L.
Hardesty, Constance L.
The Effects of Rural to Urban Migration on the Poverty of Youth in the 1980s
Presented: Cincinnati, OH, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1993
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Migration; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Poverty; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The effects of rural to urban migration on the poverty status of migrants has not been adequately explored. The following paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine poverty status before and after a rural to urban migration while controlling for individual characteristics. A proportional hazards model of poverty spells that begin in rural areas is estimated to determine whether moving to an urban area reduces the time spent in poverty while controlling for individual educational and family characteristics. The results indicate that moving from a rural to an urban area reduces time spent in poverty for white and black women but the effects are not statistically significant for men. Further, to adequately understand the relationship between moving to an urban area and poverty, the analysis examines the effects of moving on the length of time spent not employed.
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "The Effects of Rural to Urban Migration on the Poverty of Youth in the 1980s." Presented: Cincinnati, OH, Population Association of America Meetings, April 1993.
9. Wenk, Deeann L.
Hardesty, Constance L.
The Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on the Poverty Status of Youth in the 1980s
Rural Sociology 58,1 (Spring 1993): 76-92.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00483.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Rural Sociological Society
Keyword(s): Migration; Poverty; Rural/Urban Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The effects of rural-to-urban migration on the poverty status of migrants have not been adequately explored. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine poverty status before and after a rural-to-urban migration, a proportional hazards model of time spent in poverty that begins in rural areas is estimated to determine whether moving to an urban area reduces the time spent in poverty moving to an urban area reduces the time spent in poverty while controlling for individual educational and family characteristics. Results indicate that moving from a rural to an urban area reduces time spent in poverty for white and black women but the effects are not statistically significant for men. Further, to adequately understand the relationship between moving to an urban area and poverty, the analysis examines the effects of moving on the length of time spent not employed.
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "The Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on the Poverty Status of Youth in the 1980s." Rural Sociology 58,1 (Spring 1993): 76-92.
10. Wenk, Deeann L.
St. John, Craig
Racial Differences in Locational Return to Socioeconomic Resources: The Impact of Rural Versus Urban Residence
Presented: Washington, DC, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1995
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Black Studies; Mobility, Social; Racial Differences; Residence; Rural Areas; Rural/Urban Differences; Social Environment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Examines the extent to which blacks receive less locational return for their socioeconomic resources than whites in rural areas. Regression analysis with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in 1991 (N = 5,777) shows that whites have significantly greater locational quality than blacks in both rural and urban areas, and that blacks and whites have significantly lower locational quality in rural areas than in urban areas. However, the hypothesis that rural blacks receive a lower return in locational quality for their socioeconomic resources than rural whites is not supported. Rather, rural blacks experience a penalty in locational quality relative to rural whites that is independent of socioeconomic resource; part of this penalty is a function of overrepresentation in the nonwhite rural South. (Copyright 1995, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Wenk, Deeann L. and Craig St. John. "Racial Differences in Locational Return to Socioeconomic Resources: The Impact of Rural Versus Urban Residence." Presented: Washington, DC, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1995.