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Author: Wheeler, Marissa C.
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Wheeler, Marissa C. |
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Contemporary Topics in Low Fertility: Late Transitions to Parenthood and Low Fertility in East Asia Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 2011 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Age at Birth; Education; Event History; Family Planning; Fertility; Marriage; Parenthood; Racial Differences; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Two contemporary topics in fertility are investigated: late transitions to parenthood and low fertility. In the first essay, I use longitudinal data from the NLSY79 to investigate three explanations for educational differences in transitions to parenthood after age 30 in the U.S.: intentions, resources, and opportunities for partnership. I find that, conditional on childlessness at age 30, fertility intentions are the most important factor in explaining the higher odds of transitioning to parenthood after age 30 among college-educated women. This finding is consistent with making up postponed births among college graduates. In the second essay, I examine the responsiveness of fertility to major economic shock using the case of South Korea following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. I find a significant decline in first birth odds after the 1997 financial crisis. These results are consistent with growing evidence in favor of a pro-cyclical view of fertility and suggest that we may see similar behavior in response to the recent financial crisis and slow recovery. I also find that women over age 30 experienced a decline in first birth risks after the financial crisis, which suggests that fertility at older ages can be subject to further postponement in response to period conditions and calls into question assumptions that postponed fertility will eventually be recuperated. In the final chapter, I turn to the low fertility context of Taiwan. I investigate the association between parental investment in children's education and fertility across a wide variety of investment indicators. Using evolutionary theories of modern low fertility as a framework, I expect to find that a long-term high investment strategy is associated with lower risk of having another child. However, I do not find this association in multivariate analysis. I do find a significant negative association with current financial expenditure and residential moves. Thus I do find support for the high costs of raising children as a factor in low fertility but I do not find support for the evolutionary perspective in particular. Furthermore, these results suggest that parents' high aspirations for education reflect a widely shared cultural belief rather than a quantity-quality tradeoff. |
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Bibliography Citation
Wheeler, Marissa C. Contemporary Topics in Low Fertility: Late Transitions to Parenthood and Low Fertility in East Asia. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 2011. |
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Wheeler, Marissa C. |
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Fertility Postponement and Late Transitions to Motherhood Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age at Birth; Education; Event History; Family Planning; Fertility; Marriage; Parenthood; Racial Differences; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Fertility postponement is a widespread trend. Though fertility intentions data suggest that postponed births will be made up at later ages, age-related declines in fecundity raise doubts about transitions to parenthood at later ages. This paper uses event history analysis and data from the NLSY79 (N = 1,483) to examine transitions to parenthood after age 30. I find that marriage is overwhelmingly the most important predictor of a first birth among women who delay childbearing to age 30, followed by age. The size of the marriage-late fertility association, however, varies by race and education, which suggests that differential selection into childlessness at older ages and differential pathways to late fertility by social groups may be operating. |
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Bibliography Citation
Wheeler, Marissa C. "Fertility Postponement and Late Transitions to Motherhood." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010. |