Search Results

Author: Williams, Donald R.
Resulting in 10 citations.
1. Gabriel, Paul E.
Williams, Donald R.
Schmitz, Susanne
The Relative Occupational Attainment of Young Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics
Southern Economic Journal 57,1 (July 1990): 35-46.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1060476
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Southern Economic Association
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Minorities, Youth; Occupational Attainment; Occupational Segregation; Racial Differences

The proposition is examined that young blacks and Hispanics encounter discrimination resulting in occupational segregation in the labor market. A multinomial logit model was utilized to construct hypothetical occupational distributions for young black and Hispanic males and females, based on estimated white male and female occupational structures from the NLSY. A comparison of hypothetical distributions with actual distributions permitted an estimate of the extent to which minority youth face different processes for occupational attainment than whites. The findings suggest that, for all minority cohorts examined, occupational distributions improved when adjusted to the white occupational structure. Overall, the impact of disparate treatment on occupational segregation was most pronounced for black males and least pronounced for Hispanic females. The difference was statistically significant only for black males. It is noticed that policy measures designed to decrease occupational segregation among black males should focus on the unionized sectors of the economy. [ABI/INFORM]
Bibliography Citation
Gabriel, Paul E., Donald R. Williams and Susanne Schmitz. "The Relative Occupational Attainment of Young Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics ." Southern Economic Journal 57,1 (July 1990): 35-46.
2. Keith, Kristen K.
Williams, Donald R.
A Note on Racial Differences in Employed Male Job Search
Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 41,3 (July 2002): 422-429.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-232X.00254/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley
Keyword(s): Job Search; Mobility, Job; Racial Differences; Wage Growth; Wages; Working Conditions

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article examines why black males are more likely to engage in employed job search than are their white counterparts. We focus primarily on the roles that expected wages, wage growth, and job characteristics have on explaining the observed differential. Using a sample of young men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the results indicate that the greater propensity of blacks to engage in employed job search is the result of their desire to obtain better jobs with more agreeable working conditions. Source: http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0019-8676. (Copyright: Blackwell Publishers.)
Bibliography Citation
Keith, Kristen K. and Donald R. Williams. "A Note on Racial Differences in Employed Male Job Search." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 41,3 (July 2002): 422-429.
3. Register, Charles A.
Williams, Donald R.
Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use Among Young Men
Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 435-448.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2524270
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University
Keyword(s): Endogeneity; Parental Influences; Racial Differences; Religious Influences; Substance Use; Tests and Testing; Wages

Employment related drug testing is becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Interestingly, relatively little empirical evidence exists to support the premise underlying such testing -- that drug use significantly reduces a worker's productivity. The authors test this proposition by using data from the 1984 NLSY to estimate standard log-wage equations which control for the probability of employment and include endogenous marijuana and cocaine use variables. The findings indicate that while long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana are negatively related to wages, general marijuana use has a positive impact. No significant cocaine use impacts are found. Consequently, while testing for on-the- job marijuana use seems defensible, no support is given to general marijuana testing or cocaine testing.
Bibliography Citation
Register, Charles A. and Donald R. Williams. "Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use Among Young Men." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45,3 (April 1992): 435-448.
4. Register, Charles A.
Williams, Donald R.
Wage Effects of Obesity among Young Workers
Social Science Quarterly 71,1 (March 1990): 130-141
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Obesity; Wage Effects; Wages, Youth

Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Register, Charles A. and Donald R. Williams. "Wage Effects of Obesity among Young Workers." Social Science Quarterly 71,1 (March 1990): 130-141.
5. Register, Charles A.
Williams, Donald R.
Grimes, Paul W.
Adolescent Drug Use and Educational Attainment
Education Economics 9,1 (April 2001): 1-18.
Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09645290124529
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Carfax Publishing Company ==> Taylor & Francis
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Educational Attainment; Higher Education; Human Capital; Racial Differences; Schooling

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey Youth Cohort, estimates probability of drug use (illicit drugs, hard drugs, and marijuana only) across racial groups in relation to formal educational attainment. Adolescent drug use (in all three categories) reduces their educational attainment by about 1 year. (Contains 21 references.) (MLH)
Bibliography Citation
Register, Charles A., Donald R. Williams and Paul W. Grimes. "Adolescent Drug Use and Educational Attainment." Education Economics 9,1 (April 2001): 1-18.
6. Schmitz, Susanne
Williams, Donald R.
Gabriel, Paul E.
An Empirical Examination of Racial and Gender Differences in Wage Distributions
Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 34,3 (Fall 1994): 227-239.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1062976994900256
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Job; Gender Differences; Human Capital; Modeling, Logit; Racial Differences; Wage Differentials; Wives, Income

This research presents an examination of racial and gender differences in differences in earnings distributions among a sample of young workers. Using data from the 1987 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we utilize an ordered-response logit model to estimate the probability of a white male being in a given position in the earnings distribution, based on his human capital and other personal characteristics. We then generate "predicted" probabilities of given earnings positions for individual black males, black females, and white females. Non-parametric tests indicate that significant differences exist between the actual and predicted earnings distributions for all of the racial and gender groups studied. We interpret this as evidence of the impact of differential treatment in the labor market. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.
Bibliography Citation
Schmitz, Susanne, Donald R. Williams and Paul E. Gabriel. "An Empirical Examination of Racial and Gender Differences in Wage Distributions." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 34,3 (Fall 1994): 227-239.
7. Williams, Donald R.
Consequences in Self-Employment for Women and Men in the United States
Labour Economics 7,5 (September 2000): 665-687.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537100000178
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Human Capital; Self-Employed Workers; Wage Effects; Wages, Men; Wages, Women; Women

Many self-employed workers return to the wage and salaried sector of the labor market after some time. It is possible that the self-employment spell will lead to lower earnings or earnings growth upon return, due to depreciation of firm or sector-specific human capital. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLS), this paper examines the effects of spells of self-employment on the future wage and salary sector earnings of male and female workers in the United States. The results indicate substantial penalties arise for women, in terms of returns to experience, while there is little or no impact for men.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Donald R. "Consequences in Self-Employment for Women and Men in the United States." Labour Economics 7,5 (September 2000): 665-687.
8. Williams, Donald R.
Job Characteristics and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of Black and White Male Youth
Review of Black Political Economy 18,2 (Fall 1989): 5-24.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/d81727155129280w/fulltext.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Economic Association
Keyword(s): Labor Force Participation; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wages, Reservation

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Previous work regarding the labor force participation of black and white youth has ignored the fact that they may face jobs with different characteristics, such as socioeconomic status or degree of danger. This article examines the effects that such characteristics have on the probability of participation for a sample of black and white males from the National Longitudinal Survey Youth Cohort. The results suggest that some job characteristics have a significant impact on participation, particularly socioeconomic status. The estimates presented here suggest, however, that racial differences in socioeconomic status probably explain only a small portion of the black-white male youth participation rate differential.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Donald R. "Job Characteristics and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of Black and White Male Youth." Review of Black Political Economy 18,2 (Fall 1989): 5-24.
9. Williams, Donald R.
Non-pecuniary Rewards and the Labor Force Participation of Black and White Youth
Working Paper [Mimeo], Department of Economics, Kent State University, 1987
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Department of Economics, Kent State University
Keyword(s): Job Satisfaction; Labor Force Participation; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Teenagers; Unemployment, Youth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Previous work regarding the labor force participation of black and white youth has ignored the fact that they may face jobs with different non-pecuniary characteristics. In this paper, the author extends the standard "second- generation" model of labor force participation to include non-pecuniary rewards, and estimates the effects such rewards have on the probability of participation for a sample of black and white males from the NLSY. The results suggest that job characteristics have a significant impact on participation, and that racial differences in job characteristics explain up to 25 percent of the black-white participation rate differential.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Donald R. "Non-pecuniary Rewards and the Labor Force Participation of Black and White Youth." Working Paper [Mimeo], Department of Economics, Kent State University, 1987.
10. Williams, Donald R.
Youth Self Employment: Its Nature and Consequences
Small Business Economics 23,4 (November 2004): 323-336.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1j542102hn24826/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keyword(s): Self-Employed Workers; Wages, Youth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper examines the extent of self-employment, characteristics of the self-employed, and the returns to self-employment experiences for a sample of teenagers and young adults in the United States. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we find that the self-employment experience of youth is quite different from that of adults. Consequences of youth self-employment, measured at age 27, suggest both positive and negative effects.
Bibliography Citation
Williams, Donald R. "Youth Self Employment: Its Nature and Consequences." Small Business Economics 23,4 (November 2004): 323-336.