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Author: Zvavitch, Polina

Resulting in 4 citations.

1.	Eeckhaut, Mieke C. W. Rendall, Michael S. Zvavitch, Polina
1.	Do LARCs Increase Subsequent Intended Fertility? Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2019 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Contraception; Expectations/Intentions; Fertility; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods have been promoted as an effective means of protection against unintended pregnancy and for increasing the proportion of pregnancies that are intended. An implication we address in the present study is the extent to which women who have been using a LARC go on to have an intended birth after LARC discontinuation. We use two nationally representative studies, the NSFG and NLSY97 to investigate the likelihood that a woman will give birth in the years shortly after discontinuing LARC, and the circumstances associated with pregnancy intendedness such as marital and partnership status around the birth. Using the NSFG, we estimate the proportion of births following LARC discontinuation that are from an intended pregnancy. Finally, we combine the results from these models to develop an estimate of the intended birth rate following LARC discontinuation. We find strong evidence that women use LARC to better time their first or next birth, and not only to reduce the likelihood of an unintended birth. Approximately one-third of women who discontinue LARC use will begin a pregnancy that will result in a live birth within three years of discontinuation. About four-in-five of these pregnancies are intended, implying a considerably lower fraction of unintended births than all U.S. births.
	Bibliography Citation Eeckhaut, Mieke C. W., Michael S. Rendall and Polina Zvavitch. "Do LARCs Increase Subsequent Intended Fertility?" Presented: New York NY, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2019.

2.	Eeckhaut, Mieke C. W. Rendall, Michael S. Zvavitch, Polina
2.	Women's Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception for Birth Timing and Birth Stopping Demography 58,4 (August 2021): 1327-1346. Also: https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article/58/4/1327/174064/Women-s-Use-of-Long-Acting-Reversible Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Contraception; Expectations/Intentions; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The use of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods--intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants--has recently expanded rapidly in the United States, and these methods together approach the contraceptive pill in current prevalence. Research on LARCs has analyzed their use to reduce unintended pregnancies but not their use to enable intended pregnancies. Knowledge of both is necessary to understand LARCs’ potential impacts on the reproductive life courses of U.S. women. We combine data from two nationally representative surveys to estimate women's likelihood and timing of subsequent reproductive events, including births resulting from an intended pregnancy up to nine years after discontinuing LARC use. We estimate that 62% of women will give birth, and 45% will give birth from an intended pregnancy. Additionally, 18% will have a new LARC inserted, and 13% will transition to sterilization. Most of these reproductive events occur within two years after discontinuing LARC use. Births from an intended pregnancy are especially common when no intervening switch to another contraceptive method occurs. We infer that women's motives for using LARC are varied but include the desire to postpone a birth, to postpone a decision about whether to have a(nother) birth, and to transition definitively to the completion of childbearing.
	Bibliography Citation Eeckhaut, Mieke C. W., Michael S. Rendall and Polina Zvavitch. "Women's Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception for Birth Timing and Birth Stopping." Demography 58,4 (August 2021): 1327-1346.

3.	Zvavitch, Polina Rendall, Michael S. Hurtado-Acuna, Constanza Shattuck, Rachel
3.	Contraceptive Consistency and Poverty After Birth Population Research and Policy Review published online (7 November 2020): DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09623-6. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11113-020-09623-6: Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Contraception; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Poverty; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Unplanned pregnancies in the U.S. disproportionately occur among poor, less educated, and minority women, but it is unclear whether poverty following a birth is itself an outcome of this pregnancy planning status. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 2101) and National Survey of Family Growth (n = 778), we constructed 2-year sequences of contraceptive use before a birth that signal an unplanned versus a planned birth. We regressed poverty in the year of the birth both on this contraceptive-sequence variable and on sociodemographic indicators including previous employment and poverty status in the year before the birth, race/ethnicity, education, partnership status, birth order, and family background. Compared to sequences indicating a planned birth, sequences of inconsistent use and non-use of contraception were associated with a higher likelihood of poverty following a birth, both before and after controlling for sociodemographic variables, and before and after additionally controlling for poverty status before the birth. In pooled-survey estimates with all controls included, having not used contraception consistently is associated with a 42% higher odds of poverty after birth. The positive association of poverty after birth with contraceptive inconsistency or non-use, however, is limited to women with low to medium educational attainment. These findings encourage further exploration into relationships between contraceptive access and behavior and subsequent adverse outcomes for the mother and her children.
	Bibliography Citation Zvavitch, Polina, Michael S. Rendall, Constanza Hurtado-Acuna and Rachel Shattuck. "Contraceptive Consistency and Poverty After Birth." Population Research and Policy Review published online (7 November 2020): DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09623-6.

4.	Zvavitch, Polina Rendall, Michael S. Hurtado, Constanza Shattuck, Rachel
4.	Contraceptive Consistency and Poverty After Birth Presented: Austin TX, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2019 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Contraception; Poverty; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Unplanned pregnancies in the U.S. disproportionately occur among poor, less educated, and minority women, but it is unclear whether poverty following a birth is itself an outcome of this pregnancy planning status. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 and National Survey of Family Growth, we constructed three sequences of contraceptive behavior before a birth that signal unplanned versus planned behavior. We regressed poverty immediately after the birth both on this contraceptive-sequence variable and on socioeconomic indicators including race, education and partnership status. Compared to sequences indicating a planned birth, sequences of inconsistent use and non-use of contraception were associated with higher likelihood of poverty following a birth, both before and after controlling for socioeconomic status, and before and after controlling for poverty before the birth. These findings encourage further exploration into relationships between contraceptive access and behavior and subsequent adverse outcomes for the mother and her children.
	Bibliography Citation Zvavitch, Polina, Michael S. Rendall, Constanza Hurtado and Rachel Shattuck. "Contraceptive Consistency and Poverty After Birth." Presented: Austin TX, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2019.

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