Search Results

Source: National Commission for Manpower Policy
Resulting in 4 citations.
1. Adams, Arvil Van
Lessons from the National Longitudinal Surveys: A Commentary
Special Report 7, Current Issues in the Relationship Between Manpower and Policy, National Commission for Manpower Policy, 1976
Cohort(s): Older Men
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Manpower Research; Research Methodology

The author comments on the paper by H.S. Parnes, "The National Longitudinal Surveys: Lessons for Human Resource Policy," presented to the National Commission for Manpower Policy. He also considers the following questions: What have been the unique insights into labor market behavior gained from the use of longitudinal data and what are the policy implications thereof? What are some of the remaining gaps in our knowledge of labor market behavior and of what value will longitudinal research with NLS data be in closing these gaps?
Bibliography Citation
Adams, Arvil Van. "Lessons from the National Longitudinal Surveys: A Commentary." Special Report 7, Current Issues in the Relationship Between Manpower and Policy, National Commission for Manpower Policy, 1976.
2. Blau, Francine D.
Impact of the Unemployment Rate on Labor Force Entries and Exits
In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Discouraged Workers; Exits; Family Influences; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Turnover; Unemployment

The author uses NLS data of women 34-48 to reexamine the impact of the unemployment rate on the labor force participation of married women. The results show that the discouraged worker effect is dominant among white women, while the additional worker effect predominates among blacks. For both races, the unemployment rate has a stronger impact on labor force entries than on labor force exits. These findings suggest that the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation of married women is a result of economic conditions affecting the timing of labor force entry. In the future, the trend toward increasing labor force participation of women will eventually mean that fewer individuals will be outside the labor force, which would cause the participation rates of married women to become less cyclically sensitive (i.e., the impact of entrants on overall participation rates will be reduced).
Bibliography Citation
Blau, Francine D. "Impact of the Unemployment Rate on Labor Force Entries and Exits" In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
3. Cherlin, Andrew J.
Employment, Income, and Family Life: The Case of Marital Dissolution
In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Divorce; Earnings; Employment; Family Resources; Marital Dissolution; Marital Stability; Wives; Work Attitudes

This paper presents evidence that several aspects of a couple's economic situation influence the probability of marital dissolution. Two effects have the most relevance for policymakers. First, increased stability and security of the husband's employment decreased the probability of dissolution, independent of income levels. Second, wives who have independent sources of income that compare favorably with the incomes of their husbands have a greater probability of marital dissolution.
Bibliography Citation
Cherlin, Andrew J. "Employment, Income, and Family Life: The Case of Marital Dissolution" In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
4. Fligstein, Neil
Wolf, Wendy
How Can We Explain the Apparent Sex Similarities in Occupational Status Attainment?
In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1978
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Occupational Segregation; Occupational Status; Sex Equality; Sex Roles

In the past, studies to discover the extent and nature of sexual inequalities in economic rewards and labor market positions have been concentrated in three major areas: wage differentials, occupational segregation by sex, and occupational status differentials. While research in two of these areas, wage differentials and occupational segregation by sex, have illustrated sexual inequalities and pointed to ways to remedy them, research on sex differences in occupational status attainment has led to the somewhat paradoxical findings that men and women essentially have parity in labor market positions. This paradox has ambiguities as to the mechanism by which sexual equality in labor market positions could be obtained. This paper attempts to discuss and empirically assess why the status attainment literature produces seemingly paradoxical findings about sexual inequalities in labor market positions. In this paper, these three research traditions are briefly discussed and the authors posit and test one explanation for the counterintuitive findings of the status attainment literature. They find that one potential source of bias in estimating equations for women's occupational attainments is the exclusion of nonworking women from the occupational attainments equations. They present a technique that presents estimations of the structural parameters for all currently employed women, regardless of their occupational status.
Bibliography Citation
Fligstein, Neil and Wendy Wolf. "How Can We Explain the Apparent Sex Similarities in Occupational Status Attainment?" In: Women's Changing Roles at Home and on the Job: National Commission for Manpower Policy, Special Report No: 26. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1978