Search Results

Source: New York Times
Resulting in 20 citations.
1. Brooks, David
The Lean Years
New York Times, February 15, 2010, Op-Ed; pg. A27.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/opinion/16brooks.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): College Graduates; Economic Changes/Recession; Economics of Gender; Education; Gender Differences; Industrial Sector; Underclass; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The U.S. will have to produce 10 million new jobs just to get back to the unemployment levels of 2007. There's no sign that that is going to happen soon, so we're looking at an extended period of above 8 percent unemployment.

The biggest impact is on men. Over the past few decades, men have lagged behind women in acquiring education and skills. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, at age 22, 185 women have graduated from college for every 100 men who have done so. Furthermore, men are concentrated in industries where employment is declining (manufacturing) or highly cyclical (construction).

So men have taken an especially heavy blow during this crisis. The gap between the male and female unemployment rates has reached its highest level since the government began keeping such records.

Bibliography Citation
Brooks, David. "The Lean Years." New York Times, February 15, 2010, Op-Ed; pg. A27.
2. Browne, Malcolm W.
What Is Intelligence, and Who Has It?
New York Times, October 16, 1994, Section 7; Page 3
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Economics of Minorities; I.Q.; Racial Differences; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Underclass

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This book review of Herrnstein and Murray's "The Bell Curve" discusses not only the text itself, but also some of the historical background of intelligence tests and how they have been utilized. Herrnstein and Murray's argument is that an intellectual underclass is developing in America due to the "elites" reproducing at lower rate then their less intelligent counterparts. This review points out that much of the evidentiary support of "The Bell Curve" comes from analysis of NLSY79 data, from which the authors conclude that "the biggest influence on the lives of the people in their sample was the "g" factor -- psychometricians' jargon for core intelligence."
Bibliography Citation
Browne, Malcolm W. "What Is Intelligence, and Who Has It?" New York Times, October 16, 1994, Section 7; Page 3.
3. Brozan, Nadine
'New Woman' Is Not So New, Study Says
New York Times, August 18, 1986, Section A; Page 18.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/18/style/new-woman-is-not-so-new-study-says.html?scp=1&sq=brozan%2C+nadine&st=nyt
Cohort(s): Mature Women, Young Women
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Childbearing; Education; Employment; Marriage; Maternal Employment; Wives, Attitudes; Wives, Work; Women; Women's Education; Women's Roles

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article reports on Melber and McLaughlin's study of changes in female attitudes toward marriage, employment, and childbearing. Drawing on NLS Mature Women and Young Women data, the researchers find that ''by several key demographic measures, today's young women appear more similar to their grandmothers than to their mothers. They are marrying later (if at all), gaining in educational attainment relative to men, having few children and showing greater willingness to go it on their own. These are all returns to patterns typical of the first half of the 20th century.''
Bibliography Citation
Brozan, Nadine. "'New Woman' Is Not So New, Study Says." New York Times, August 18, 1986, Section A; Page 18.
4. Carey, Benedict
Bad Behavior Does Not Doom Pupils, Studies Say
New York Times, November 13, 2007: Health.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/13/health/13kids.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Children, Academic Development; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); School Entry/Readiness

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

"Educators and psychologists have long feared that children entering school with behavior problems were doomed to fall behind in the upper grades. But two new studies suggest that those fears are exaggerated."
Bibliography Citation
Carey, Benedict. "Bad Behavior Does Not Doom Pupils, Studies Say." New York Times, November 13, 2007: Health.
5. Carroll, Aaron E.
What the Science Says About Long-Term Damage From Lead
The New York Times, February 8, 2016.
Also: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/09/upshot/what-the-science-says-about-long-term-damage-from-lead.html
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult, NLSY97
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Child Health; Environmental Exposure/Environmental Policy; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Jessica Wolpaw Reyes, a leading expert on the effects of lead exposure in children, found that not only did elevated lead levels correspond to low achievement test scores in third and fourth grade, but also that communities where people managed to lower their lead levels in the 1990s saw increased scores in the 2000s. [News media article partially based on Reyes, Jessica Wolpaw. "Lead Exposure and Behavior: Effects on Antisocial and Risky Behavior Among Children and Adolescents." Economic Inquiry 53,3 (July 2015): 1580-1605]
Bibliography Citation
Carroll, Aaron E. "What the Science Says About Long-Term Damage From Lead." The New York Times, February 8, 2016.
6. Crittenden, Danielle
Yes, Motherhood Lowers Pay
New York Times, Late New York Edition, (Aug. 22, 1995): A15
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Personnel Psychology
Keyword(s): Maternal Employment; Motherhood; Wage Differentials; Wages, Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

It is not cartoonishly chauvinistic male bosses who hold women back in the statistics comparing women's salaries to that of men--it is the impinging nature of motherhood. Congressional Budget Office economist June O'Neill has discovered that "among women and men aged 27 to 33, who have never had a child, the earnings of women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are close to 98 percent of men's." It is the vast majority of women who become mothers that pull the average down to 76 percent.
Bibliography Citation
Crittenden, Danielle. "Yes, Motherhood Lowers Pay." New York Times, Late New York Edition, (Aug. 22, 1995): A15.
7. Darlin, Damon
Extra Weight, Higher Costs
New York Times, December 2, 2006.
Also: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/d/damon_darlin/index.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Obesity; Wealth

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

As you snatch a couple more Christmas cookies or down another eggnog, you might be thinking about what those extra calories will do to your health.

"Being overweight can be dangerous to your wealth," said Jay L. Zagorsky, an economist at Ohio State University who has looked at the relationship between various economic and sociological factors and a measure of obesity called the body mass index.

Doctors use the index to determine whether a person is merely overweight or dangerously obese. You divide your weight in pounds by the square of your height in inches, which is then multiplied by 703, to adjust the English-system measurements to the metric system. (You could use kilograms and centimeters, but that would be too easy.) Or use a Web calculator like the one at www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/ or www.halls.md/ideal-weight/body.htm.

Anything under 25 is considered a normal reading of the index. From 25 to 30 is overweight, and above 30 is obese. People who rate above 40 are considered morbidly obese, meaning they are facing serious and sustained health problems.

The index has been criticized for its inability to distinguish between a well-muscled person and a fat one. Nevertheless, it is by this measure that academics estimate that 97 million Americans, about a third of the population, are considered obese. Almost 10 million Americans could be considered morbidly obese.

Bibliography Citation
Darlin, Damon. "Extra Weight, Higher Costs." New York Times, December 2, 2006.
8. Goode, Erica
Many in U.S. Are Arrested by Age 23, Study Finds
New York Times, December 19, 2011; Pg. A16
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Arrests; Crime

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

By age 23, almost a third of Americans have been arrested for a crime, according to a new study that researchers say is a measure of growing exposure to the criminal justice system in everyday life.The study, the first since the 1960s to look at the arrest histories of a national sample of adolescents and young adults over time, found that 30.2 percent of the 23-year-olds who participated reported having been arrested for an offense other than a minor traffic violation.
Bibliography Citation
Goode, Erica. "Many in U.S. Are Arrested by Age 23, Study Finds." New York Times, December 19, 2011; Pg. A16.
9. Leonhardt, David
Marriage, Baby Carriage and Poverty
The New York Times, June 28, 2017: The Opinion Pages.
Also: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/28/opinion/millenials-marriage-children-poverty.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Family Formation; Life Course; Marriage; Poverty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Marriage before children is no longer the norm in the United States. More than half--55 percent--of parents between the ages of 28 and 34 were not married when they had their first child, according to a new analysis of federal data. [Op-Ed article from NYT's Opinion Today newsletter, based on AEP report by Wang & Wilcox: "The Millennial Success Sequence: Marriage, Kids, and the "Success Sequence" among Young Adults," June 2017.]
Bibliography Citation
Leonhardt, David. "Marriage, Baby Carriage and Poverty." The New York Times, June 28, 2017: The Opinion Pages.
10. Lewin, Tamar
1 in 5 Teenages Has Sex Before 15, Study Finds
New York Times, May 20, 2003
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Sexual Activity; Sexual Experiences/Virginity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A report released by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy indicates that about 20 percent of adolescents have had sexual intercourse before their 15th birthday -- and one in seven of the sexually experienced 14-year-old girls has been pregnant. The data in the report comes from three federally financed surveys of young people -- the National Survey of Family Growth, the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth --and four smaller data sets.
Bibliography Citation
Lewin, Tamar. "1 in 5 Teenages Has Sex Before 15, Study Finds." New York Times, May 20, 2003.
11. Lewin, Tamar
More in High School Are Virgins, Study Finds
New York Times, September 29, 2002, Section 1; Pg. 34
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Experiences/Virginity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article cites a Child Trends study which utilized NLSY97 data indicating that most adolescents' first intercourse occurred after 6 p.m. and in the family home. This goes against the popular conception that adolescent sexual intercourse occurs after school when parents are not at home.
Bibliography Citation
Lewin, Tamar. "More in High School Are Virgins, Study Finds." New York Times, September 29, 2002, Section 1; Pg. 34.
12. Miller, Claire Cain
The Costs of Motherhood Are Rising, and Catching Women Off Guard
New York Times, August 17, 2018.
Also: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/17/upshot/motherhood-rising-costs-surprise.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Child Care; College Education; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Maternal Employment; Motherhood; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

College-educated women in particular underestimate the demands of parenthood and the difficulties of combining working and parenting, new research shows. [Media article based on Kuziemko, Ilyana, Jessica Pan, Jenny Shen and Ebonya Washington. "The Mommy Effect: Do Women Anticipate the Employment Effects of Motherhood?" NBER Working Paper No. 24740, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2018]
Bibliography Citation
Miller, Claire Cain. "The Costs of Motherhood Are Rising, and Catching Women Off Guard." New York Times, August 17, 2018.
13. Miller, Claire Cain
The Motherhood Penalty vs. the Fatherhood Bonus
New York Times, September 6, 2014.
Also: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/upshot/a-child-helps-your-career-if-youre-a-man.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Discrimination; Fatherhood; Gender Differences; Motherhood; Mothers, Income; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

One of the worst career moves a woman can make is to have children. Mothers are less likely to be hired for jobs, to be perceived as competent at work or to be paid as much as their male colleagues with the same qualifications.For men, meanwhile, having a child is good for their careers. They are more likely to be hired than childless men, and tend to be paid more after they have children. These differences persist even after controlling for factors like the hours people work, the types of jobs they choose and the salaries of their spouses. So the disparity is not because mothers actually become less productive employees and fathers work harder when they become parents -- but because employers expect them to. [News media article based on Budig, Michelle Jean. "The Fatherhood Bonus and The Motherhood Penalty: Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Pay." Report, Third Way, Washington DC, 2014]
Bibliography Citation
Miller, Claire Cain. "The Motherhood Penalty vs. the Fatherhood Bonus." New York Times, September 6, 2014.
14. Passell, Peter
Survey Says Women Struggling to Keep Pace on the Career Track
New York Times, September 7, 1995, Section D; Page 2
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Demography; Family Studies; Fertility; Gender; Labor Force Participation; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Also: The Houston Chronicle, September 10, 1995, Business; Pg. 4

This article reports on Goldin's study of how successfully women balance career and family. The study, which analyzed NLS Young Women data, found that while the formal barriers preventing female employment have been removed, only one middle-aged college-educated woman in six with children could claim career success today. Even modestly defining "success" as earning better than the lowest 25% of college-educated men for two of the sample years, only 33% of women qualified, with just 17% percent managing both a career and children. Lowering the standard of "success" to all women employed full time at any wage during specific survey years, only 22% qualify.

Bibliography Citation
Passell, Peter. "Survey Says Women Struggling to Keep Pace on the Career Track." New York Times, September 7, 1995, Section D; Page 2.
15. Peterson, Iver
As More Earn Equivalency Diploma, Its Value Is Debated
New York Times, October 21, 1992, Section B; Page 10 Column 1
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Dropouts; Education; GED/General Educational Diploma/General Equivalency Degree/General Educational Development; High School Completion/Graduates; Tests and Testing

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A study, by a University of Chicago economics professor, shows scant difference between the incomes of G.E.D. holders and of high school dropouts with no certificates. And the Army, which pioneered the forerunner of the G.E.D. for World War II veterans 50 years ago, last year quietly stopped accepting the certificate holders into the service on the same basis as high school graduates. The reason: G.E.D. earners flunk basic training at twice the rate of high school graduates. The G.E.D. Testing Service, which administers the G.E.D. nationwide, has been stunned by the sudden swell of bad news about a program that has long been regarded as a kind of saving second chance for millions of high school dropouts. The study on earnings, by James J. Heckman of the University of Chicago, is misleading, the service says. Using figures from the Census Bureau's National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Dr. Heckman compared the earnings of male G.E.D. holders at age 25 and at age 28 with those of other dropouts and those of high school graduates. While the G.E.D. holders earned somewhat more than other dropouts, Dr. Heckman ascribed the difference to G.E.D. holders' having, on average, attended one more year of high school than the other dropouts.
Bibliography Citation
Peterson, Iver. "As More Earn Equivalency Diploma, Its Value Is Debated." New York Times, October 21, 1992, Section B; Page 10 Column 1.
16. Rabin, Roni Caryn
Children: Rate of Chronic Health Problems Rises
New York Times, February 19, 2010.
Also: https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/23/health/research/23child.html
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Asthma; Child Health; Health, Chronic Conditions; Obesity

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Childhood rates of chronic health problems, including obesity, asthma and learning disabilities, have doubled in just 12 years, a new study reports -- to 1 in 4 children in 2006, up from 1 in 8 in 1994. But the findings, which appeared in the Feb. 17 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association, held a welcome surprise, the researchers said: many chronic conditions resolve themselves during childhood. [Media article based on Van Cleave, Jeanne, Steven L. Gortmaker and James M. Perrin. "Dynamics of Obesity and Chronic Health Conditions Among Children and Youth." Journal of the American Medical Association 303,7 (February 2010): 623-630.
Bibliography Citation
Rabin, Roni Caryn. "Children: Rate of Chronic Health Problems Rises." New York Times, February 19, 2010.
17. Rabin, Roni Caryn
Disparities: Health Risks Seen for Single Mothers
New York Times, June 14, 2011.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/health/research/14disparities.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Fertility; Health Factors; Marital Status; Parents, Single

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Middle-aged women who were single when they had their first child are in worse health than similar women who were married when first giving birth, suggesting that the stress of being a single parent has long-term health consequences, a new study has found.

The report, published June 2 in American Sociological Review, is one of the first to assess the health of single mothers. Researchers analyzed data on 3,400 women taken from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which tracks the health of a nationally representative sample of people who were ages 14 to 22 when the survey started.

The mothers were asked at age 40 to rate their health with a type of self-assessment considered a highly accurate indicator of health and future mortality.

Both black and white women who had children outside of marriage ranked their health as worse than women who had their first children while married. That was not the case, however, for Hispanic single mothers, who are more likely to have children in long relationships that closely resemble marriage, the authors said.

The findings are of concern because unmarried women account for almost 40 percent of births in the United States, up from 10 percent in 1960, said Kristi Williams, an associate professor of sociology at the Ohio State University and the paper’s lead author.

A version of this article appeared in print on June 14, 2011, on page D6 of the New York edition with the headline: DISPARITIES: Health Risks Seen for Single Mothers.

Bibliography Citation
Rabin, Roni Caryn. "Disparities: Health Risks Seen for Single Mothers." New York Times, June 14, 2011.
18. Rabin, Roni Caryn
TV Ads Contribute to Childhood Obesity, Economists Say
New York Times, Research, November 20, 2008.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/21/health/research/21obesity.html?_r=1
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Nutritional Status/Nutrition/Consumption Behaviors; Obesity; Television Viewing; Variables, Instrumental; Weight

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Banning fast food advertisements from children's television programs would reduce the number of overweight children in the U.S. by 18 percent and decrease the number of overweight teens by 14 percent, economists have estimated in a new study.

The researchers used several statistical models to link obesity rates to the amount of time spent viewing fast food advertising, finding that viewing more fast food commercials on television raises the risk of obesity in children. The study appears in this month's issue of The Journal of Law and Economics.

"There is not a lot of evidence that overweight kids are more likely to watch TV than other kids," said Michael Grossman, professor of economics at the City University of New York. "We're arguing the causality is how many messages are aired -- seeing more of these messages is leading people to put on weight." The study's co-authors are Shin-Yi Chou, an economist at Lehigh College, and Inas Rashad, an economist at Georgia State University.

But the researchers' estimate relies on older data gathered in the late 1990s, according to Elaine Kolish, a spokesman for the Council of Better Business Bureaus. Since then, two of the largest fast food chains -- Burger King and McDonald's -- and more than a dozen other packaged food companies have signed on to the council's Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, she said, pledging to advertise only their healthier products to children under age 12.

As a result, both Burger King and McDonald's now air ads for children's meals including apple sticks and low-fat milk. "I can't help think that two huge chains advertising apples and milk to kids is going to be affecting children's preferences," Ms. Kolish said.

Kelly Brownell, director of Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy, said reliable estimates of television's impact on childhood obesity are hard to calculate because of the many assumptions statisticians must make. "That said, food marketing is a blight on the landscape of our children and has been shown time and again to have a negative impact," he added.

Only three countries -- Sweden, Norway and Finland -- have banned commercial sponsorship of children's programs, and study authors acknowledged that the chances of such a ban in the U.S. are slim.

But since ads are a tax-deductible business expense, the researchers also analyzed the potential impact of eliminating federal tax deductions for fast food ads aimed at children. Such a move would curb childhood obesity by 5 to 7 percent, the analysis found.

Bibliography Citation
Rabin, Roni Caryn. "TV Ads Contribute to Childhood Obesity, Economists Say." New York Times, Research, November 20, 2008.
19. Scott, Janny
Leonhardt, David
Class in America: Shadowy Lines That Still Divide
The New York Times, May 15, 2005: National.
Also: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/15/national/class/OVERVIEW-FINAL.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Mobility, Social; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

On Sunday, May 15 the New York Times ran the first in a major series on class and socioeonomic mobility in the US. Featured in the first article was research based on the NLS, with a link to a paper by Mazumder and Levine based on the NLS Young Men and the NLSY79 (NLS bibliography ID number 4597).

There is also a link in the news article to other research on social inequality, sponsored by the Russell Sage Foundation, that is also based on the NLS, such as a recent Harvard paper by Ellwood, Wilde, and Batchelder on the impact of motherhood on wages.

Bibliography Citation
Scott, Janny and David Leonhardt. "Class in America: Shadowy Lines That Still Divide." The New York Times, May 15, 2005: National.
20. Waddell, Robert
Alcohol's Effect on Learning
New York Times, August 1, 1993, Section 4A, Education Life Supplement; Page 6 Column 4
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: New York Times
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Use; Education; Education, Secondary; Educational Attainment; Taxes

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article reports on Cook and Moore's study of the effect of alcohol on high school students' rate of graduation and college matriculation. Using NLSY79 data, the researchers concluded that drinking did have a negative effect on academic performance, leading them to propose raising the minimum drinking age and taxes on beer sales.
Bibliography Citation
Waddell, Robert. "Alcohol's Effect on Learning." New York Times, August 1, 1993, Section 4A, Education Life Supplement; Page 6 Column 4.