Search Results

Source: Prevention Science
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J.
Witbrodt, Jane
Mulia, Nina
Differential Consequences: Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Enduring Impact of Early Disadvantage on Heavy Drinking in Midlife
Prevention Science 20,7 (October 2019): 1009-1020.
Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-019-01033-1
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Ethnic Differences; Gender Differences; Poverty; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Background

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

We use a "chain of risks" model to identify risk factors for prolonged heavy drinking in a nationally representative US sample followed from adolescence to middle age, focusing on educational mediators and differential consequences of early exposure to family poverty and area-level disadvantage. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (civilian respondents ages 14-19 at baseline, N = 5781), longitudinal path models assessed racial/ethnic and gender differences in indirect effects of early disadvantage (duration of exposure to family poverty and area-level disadvantage during adolescence) on midlife heavy drinking. Educational mediators were high school academic performance (taking remedial coursework), high school completion, and attaining a college education. Subgroups were based on race/ethnicity (50.7% White, 30.5% Black, 18.8% Hispanic respondents) and gender (49.6% males). There was a significant indirect path from family poverty during adolescence to poor high school academic performance, lower educational attainment, and more heavy drinking in midlife. For Black respondents, there was an additional direct effect of early area-level disadvantage on greater midlife heavy drinking that was not seen for other groups. The effect of family poverty on reduced high school graduation was stronger for males than females. Enduring impacts of family poverty duration during adolescence on educational attainment have consequences for health risk behaviors in midlife. Due to differential exposure to early adversity, intersectoral interventions are needed to reduce disparities in alcohol outcomes and to promote health equity among high-risk populations.
Bibliography Citation
Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., Jane Witbrodt and Nina Mulia. "Differential Consequences: Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Enduring Impact of Early Disadvantage on Heavy Drinking in Midlife." Prevention Science 20,7 (October 2019): 1009-1020.
2. MacKinnon, David P.
Lamp, Sophia J.
A Unification of Mediator, Confounder, and Collider Effects
Prevention Science published online (23 June 2021): DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01268-x.
Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-021-01268-x
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Family Income; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Modeling; Personality/Big Five Factor Model or Traits; Statistical Analysis

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Third-variable effects, such as mediation and confounding, are core concepts in prevention science, providing the theoretical basis for investigating how risk factors affect behavior and how interventions change behavior. Another third variable, the collider, is not commonly considered but is also important for prevention science. This paper describes the importance of the collider effect as well as the similarities and differences between these three third-variable effects. The single mediator model in which the third variable (T) is a mediator of the independent variable (X) to dependent variable (Y) effect is used to demonstrate how to estimate each third-variable effect. We provide difference in coefficients and product of coefficients estimators of the effects and demonstrate how to calculate these values with real data. Suppression effects are defined for each type of third-variable effect. Future directions and implications of these results are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
MacKinnon, David P. and Sophia J. Lamp. "A Unification of Mediator, Confounder, and Collider Effects." Prevention Science published online (23 June 2021): DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01268-x.