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Source: Society for Research in Child Development

Resulting in 28 citations.

1.	Bradley, Robert H. Corwyn, Robert Flynn
1.	Ethnicity, Family Income, Home Environment and the Well-Being of Children from Infancy to Adolescence Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Children, Well-Being; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Bradley, Robert H. and Robert Flynn Corwyn. "Ethnicity, Family Income, Home Environment and the Well-Being of Children from Infancy to Adolescence." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001.

2.	Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne Baydar, Nazli
2.	Effects of Child-Care Arrangements on Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in 3- and 4-Year-Olds: Evidence from the Children of the NLSY Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Effects of early childhood care experience using data from the Children of the NLSY are examined, focusing on patterns of child care over the first three years of life and their effects on black and white and poor and non-poor 3- and 4-year olds. Child verbal ability (PPVT-R) was associated with early child-care arrangements for white children living in poverty, such that: (1) grandmother care was the optimal form of early care; (2) care by relatives other than mothers and grandmothers exerts a negative effect; (3) the transition to center-based care in the second year of life was negative, compared to grandmother or mother care; and (4) the transition to center-based care in the third year was not negative. Small but significant maternal employment effects are seen for employment in the first but not the second or third years of the child's life. For employed mothers, type of child care used in the first, but not the second and third years of life, is associated with PPVT-R scores.
	Bibliography Citation Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne and Nazli Baydar. "Effects of Child-Care Arrangements on Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in 3- and 4-Year-Olds: Evidence from the Children of the NLSY." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

3.	Casady, M. Angela Luster, Thomas
3.	Poverty and the Development of African American Children: Testing an Adaptation of McLloyd's Theoretical Model with the NLSY Presented: Tampa, FL, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, April 2003. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Poverty; Depression (see also CESD); Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Conflict; Marital Stability; Poverty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Based on McLoyd's (1990) model of African American children's development, this study examined the linkages between poverty, maternal psychological distress, marital conflict, the home environment, and children's outcomes among a sample of 805 African American 4- to 9-year-olds whose families were interviewed in 1992 as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Findings revealed that poverty, psychological distress (as measured by maternal depression and low mastery), and a relatively unsupportive home environment increased the risk of child behavior problems. Contrary to expectations, the path between marital conflict and child behavior problems was not significant in this sample. An adaptation of McLoyd's model examined predictors of children's receptive vocabulary, indicating a direct effect of poverty on children's vocabulary even when maternal academic aptitude and HOME environment assessments were controlled.
	Bibliography Citation Casady, M. Angela and Thomas Luster. "Poverty and the Development of African American Children: Testing an Adaptation of McLloyd's Theoretical Model with the NLSY." Presented: Tampa, FL, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meeting, April 2003.

4.	Curran, Patrick J.
4.	Comparing Three Modern Approaches to Longitudinal Data Analysis: An Examination of a Single Developmental Sample Presented: Washington, DC, Symposium at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Introduction Excerpt: The empirical study of human development is mearly synonymous with longitudinal data analysis. To study development over time, one must consider the study of change over time. Despite the critical role longitudinal data analysis plays in the developmental research, how to best accomplish this task has been a long and sometimes hotly debated issue in the social sciences. In addition to the existence of many traditional data analytic techniques, the past decade has given rise to remarkable advances in the development of new and powerful methods for studying change over time. Such developments include latent variable growth modeling, hierarchial linear nodeling, general mixture modeling, generalized estimating equations, and exploratory growth modeling. Symposium participants: Mark Appelbaum, Patrick J. Curran, John J. McArdle, Stephen W. Radenbush, and Michael H. Seltzer. Discussant: C. Hendricks Brown.
	Bibliography Citation Curran, Patrick J. "Comparing Three Modern Approaches to Longitudinal Data Analysis: An Examination of a Single Developmental Sample." Presented: Washington, DC, Symposium at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997.

5.	Currie, Janet Thomas, Duncan
5.	Can Head Start Lead to Long Term Gains in Cognition After All? Society for Research in Child Development Newsletter 40, 2 (Spring 1997): 3-5 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. EXCERPT...a typical finding in the Head Start evaluation literature has been that the benefits measured in terms of test scores fade out within a few years of program completion (Barrett,1992). In response, advocates for the program have pointed out that it may be unrealistic to expect a one or two year intervention like Head Start to have long lasting effects on children. One cannot innoculate children against poverty (Zigler and Meunchow, 1992). Recent work by Janet Currie and Duncan Thomas revisits this question. Our work differs from previous efforts both in terms of tha data source and in terms of methodology. Specifically, we focus on a national sample of children from the National Longitudinal Surveys. These children were born to female participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), a study of men and women who were between the ages of 14 and 21 in 1978...Beginning in 1988, mothers were asked whether their child had ever attended Head Start or some other form of preschool. A key feature of this data set is that it includes a large number of children from a range of backgrounds...
	Bibliography Citation Currie, Janet and Duncan Thomas. "Can Head Start Lead to Long Term Gains in Cognition After All?" Society for Research in Child Development Newsletter 40, 2 (Spring 1997): 3-5.

6.	Dubow, Eric F.
6.	Risk and Protective Factors in Children's Behavioral and Academic Adjustment Presented: Kansas City, KS, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1989 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Academic Development; Children, Adjustment Problems; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Marital Disruption; Marital Instability; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a national longitudinal data set (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth), this study assessed 1) the degree to which children who experience multiple family stressors (e.g., marital discord, poverty, crowding) are at risk for behavioral and academic adjustment problems; and 2) the potential beneficial impact of "protective factors" (e.g., the child's intelligence, self-esteem, a supportive home environment) for children at risk. Analyses focused on children ages 8-13 (N=740). Results showed that three risk factors significantly increased the likelihood of child behavioral and academic problems: poverty status, crowding (more than three children in the household), and maternal low self-esteem. The frequency of children exhibiting adjustment problems increased dramatically with the number of stressors experienced. In addition, children under stress were significantly better adjusted if they had high rather than low levels of each protective factor. These results have im plications for the identification of children at risk and for the development of interventions to enhance children's stress-protective resources.
	Bibliography Citation Dubow, Eric F. "Risk and Protective Factors in Children's Behavioral and Academic Adjustment." Presented: Kansas City, KS, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1989.

7.	Duncan, Greg J. Dowsett, Chantelle J. Claessens, Amy Magnuson, Katherine A. Huston, Aletha C. Klebanov, Pamela Kato Pagani, Linda S. Feinstein, Leon Engel, Mimi Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne Sexton, Holly Duckworth, Kathryn Japel, Crista
7.	School Readiness and Later Achievement Presented: Atlanta, GA, Society for Research in Child Development, Biennial Meetings, April 10, 2005. Also: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/training/Duncan_SchoolReadiness_04253.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Children, Academic Development; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); School Entry/Readiness Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using six longitudinal data sets, we estimate links between three key elements of school readiness—school-entry academic, attention, and socioemotional skills—and later school reading and math achievement. In an effort to illuminate how naturally occurring changes in these early skills are associated with children's subsequent learning, most of our regression models control for cognitive, attention and socioemotional skills measured prior to school entry. Across all six studies, the strongest predictors of later achievement are school-entry math, reading, and attention skills. A meta-analysis of the results shows that early math skills have the greatest predictive power, followed by reading skills and then attention. By contrast, measures of socioemotional behaviors, including internalizing and externalizing problems and social skills, were generally insignificant predictors of later academic performance, even among children with relatively high levels of problem behavior. Patterns of association were similar for boys and girls and for children from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds.
	Bibliography Citation Duncan, Greg J., Chantelle J. Dowsett, Amy Claessens, Katherine A. Magnuson, Aletha C. Huston, Pamela Kato Klebanov, Linda S. Pagani, Leon Feinstein, Mimi Engel, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Holly Sexton, Kathryn Duckworth and Crista Japel. "School Readiness and Later Achievement." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Society for Research in Child Development, Biennial Meetings, April 10, 2005.

8.	Frye, Alice A. Connell, Arin M.
8.	Trajectories and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Offspring of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Presented: Atlanta, GA, Biennial Conference for the Society for Research on Child Development, April 2005 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Frye, Alice A. and Arin M. Connell. "Trajectories and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Offspring of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Biennial Conference for the Society for Research on Child Development, April 2005.

9.	Hart, Daniel Atkins, Robert L. Tursi, Natasha
9.	Influence of Neighborhood Poverty on Personality Change Presented: Atlanta, GA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 6, 2005. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Neighborhood Effects; Poverty; Temperament Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The influence of neighborhoods on childhood development has received considerable attention in recent years. There have been studies of the effects of neighborhoods on cognitive development, academic achievement, and elinquency, with most of these studies converging on the conclusion that neighborhoods with high levels of poverty are less developmentally supportive than are more affluent neighborhoods. In this poster, the relation of neighborhood poverty to change in personality was studied. Our prediction was that children living in high poverty neighborhoods would be more likely to evidence maladaptive changes in personality structure than children living in low poverty neighborhoods.
	Bibliography Citation Hart, Daniel, Robert L. Atkins and Natasha Tursi. "Influence of Neighborhood Poverty on Personality Change." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 6, 2005.

10.	Hiscott-Shultz, Margaret
10.	Relationship Between Family Size and Children's Cognitive Development: Investigating SES and Race as Possible Mediating Factors Presented: Washington, DC, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Cognitive Development; Ethnic Studies; Family Income; Family Size; I.Q.; Income; Language Development; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences; Racial Studies; Siblings; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The effect of family size on children's cognitive development was examined in a secondary analysis of three data sets; the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP), and the Even Start Family Literacy Project (ESFLP). There was a significant interaction among family income, race, and family size in the prediction of children's cognitive outcomes; the relationship between family size and children's IQ or language development was stronger in families with lower and higher family income than in families with middle income levels. Further, white families showed a stronger negative relationship between family size and the children's cognitive development than African American or Latino families. Sharing of quality parent-child verbal interactions among siblings is proposed as a mechanism through which family size has its effects on the children's cognitive development.
	Bibliography Citation Hiscott-Shultz, Margaret. "Relationship Between Family Size and Children's Cognitive Development: Investigating SES and Race as Possible Mediating Factors." Presented: Washington, DC, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997.

11.	Ketterlinus, Robert D. Nitz, Katherine
11.	Adolescent Sexual and Nonsexual Deviance: Stability Over Time and Generations Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Children; Children, Behavioral Development; Deviance; General Assessment; Mothers; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Self-Perception; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Teenagers Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this study is to explore different patterns of transmission, stability, and co-occurrence of sexual and nonsexual problem behaviors among adolescents and their children. Data were obtained from the NLSY, a longitudinal survey of a national probability sample of American youth and their children. Exploratory data analysis using Partial Least-Squares techniques suggested that maternal deviance assessed in 1980 is a relatively strong predictor of 1986 child problem behaviors. Maternal self-concept, IQ, sociodemographics, and father's involvement were also associated with child outcomes suggesting that there may be different patterns of intergenerational transmission of problem behaviors among sub-groups of mother-child dyads. The determinants of continuity/discontinuity in problem behaviors across generations and stability in adolescents' problem behaviors are assessed.
	Bibliography Citation Ketterlinus, Robert D. and Katherine Nitz. "Adolescent Sexual and Nonsexual Deviance: Stability Over Time and Generations." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

12.	Luster, Thomas Dubow, Eric F.
12.	Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School-Age Children Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intelligence; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. For an idea of the contents, see, citation number 1406 by the author.
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Eric F. Dubow. "Home Environment and Maternal Intelligence as Predictors of Verbal Intelligence: A Comparison of Preschool and School-Age Children." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

13.	Luster, Thomas McAdoo, Harriette Pipes
13.	Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young Black Children Presented: Seattle, WA, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Black Studies; Family Size; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Simultaneity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent studies have shown that children are most likely to experience academic or behavioral problems when they are exposed to several risk factors (i.e., poverty, large family size) simultaneously. This study utilizes data from the NLSY to examine factors related to the achievement and adjustment of black children in the early elementary grades. Consistent with past research, there was a direct relation between the number of risk factors to which children were exposed and the probability that they were experiencing academic or behavioral problems. Positive outcomes (scoring in the top quartile for this sample) were associated with high scores on an "advantage index".
	Bibliography Citation Luster, Thomas and Harriette Pipes McAdoo. "Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young Black Children." Presented: Seattle, WA, Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1991.

14.	Matsueda, Ross L. Hao, Lingxin
14.	A Sibling Model of Teenage Childbearing and Child Outcomes Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Matsueda, Ross L. and Lingxin Hao. "A Sibling Model of Teenage Childbearing and Child Outcomes." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001.

15.	McCartney, Kathleen Rosenthal, Saul
15.	Family Mediators of the Effects of Maternal Employment in the First Year of Life Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Children; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Family Influences; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Mothers; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Verbal Memory (McCarthy Scale) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this study was to examine family mediators of the effects of early maternal employment on preschoolers using data on 1,248 children ages four to six from the Children of the NLSY. The HOME and a factor-based scale for the home environment each mediated the relation between maternal employment and PPVT and between maternal employment and a measure of behavior problems. These data suggest that maternal employment must be considered as one part of a complex social ecology for the young child.
	Bibliography Citation McCartney, Kathleen and Saul Rosenthal. "Family Mediators of the Effects of Maternal Employment in the First Year of Life." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

16.	Menaghan, Elizabeth G. Kowaleski-Jones, Lori Mott, Frank L.
16.	Parental Investment and Early Adolescent Behavior Problems: Evidence from NLSY Mothers and Children Presented: Indianapolis, IN, Symposium on Social Capital and Child Development at the Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1995 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Cognitive Development; Family Structure; Family Studies; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Human Capital; Maternal Employment; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Parental Influences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In describing social capital as a critical element in the formation of human capital, James Coleman calls attention to features of relationships between actors that help these relationships to serve as resources for individuals and groups. While Coleman emphasizes social capital in neighborhoods and community patterns, family relations themselves may be more or less organized to support family members' goals and actions. Coleman (1988) argues that such family social capital-as embodied in relations that are stable and dependable, marked by high frequency of interaction, and characterized by homogeneity of values and norms--is a resource enabling individuals to accomplish goals. In particular, parental efforts to develop positive bonds with their children--via support for cognitive development, warm interaction, and joint participation in activities--and to foster shared norms--via explicit discussion of parental expectations and inclusion of the child in rulemaking--should d ecrease their children's vulnerability to behavior problems and deviance. But such family social capital is not equally distributed among families. Given the importance of parent-child relationships for children's outcomes, we argue that it is critical to understand the social determinants of family interaction patterns, as well as to investigate how variations in the quality and character of relations among parents and children help to shape the behavioral choices that adolescent children make.
	Bibliography Citation Menaghan, Elizabeth G., Lori Kowaleski-Jones and Frank L. Mott. "Parental Investment and Early Adolescent Behavior Problems: Evidence from NLSY Mothers and Children." Presented: Indianapolis, IN, Symposium on Social Capital and Child Development at the Society for Research in Child Development Biennial Meetings, April 1995.

17.	Menaghan, Elizabeth G. Parcel, Toby L.
17.	Stability and Change in Children's Home Environments: The Effects of Parental Occupational Experiences and Family Conditions Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Birthweight; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Composition; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Maternal Employment; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Self-Esteem Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examined the effects of mothers' and fathers' occupational conditions on children's home environments, and of change in occupational and family conditions on change in home environments. The study used the 1986 and 1988 supplements to the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth. Subjects were 781 married mothers with children aged 3 through 6 years in 1986. For mothers in dual-earner families, home environment was affected by mothers': (1) self-esteem and sense of mastery; (2) age (for older mothers); (3) work at a complex occupation; (4) marriage to a highly educated spouse; (5) having fewer children. Improvements over time in children's home environment were affected by spouse's occupational characteristics and age (for spouses who were younger). Declines in home environments occurred when additional children were born or the marriage ended. For mothers in male-earner families who were not employed in 1986, predictors of home environments were similar to those for mothers in families with two earners, with the exception that mothers' cognitive resources and spouses' wage level also had positive effects. Improvements in home environment in this group were also responsive to spouse's working conditions and changes in family circumstances. A list of references is included. ED337292
	Bibliography Citation Menaghan, Elizabeth G. and Toby L. Parcel. "Stability and Change in Children's Home Environments: The Effects of Parental Occupational Experiences and Family Conditions." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

18.	Michael, Robert T.
18.	National Evidence on the Influence of Mothers' Employment on Children's Development Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Children, Home Environment; Family Income; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Tests and Testing Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data on 1,222 three-to-five-year-old children from the NLSY, this study examines the home environment (Caldwell & Bradley, 1984) as a mechanism for differential effects of mothers' employment. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mothers' employment had a negative impact on boys' PPVT score (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) in middle income but not in low income families. However, when the HOME score was added to the model, maternal employment effects were negative for boys in both income groups. Within low income, but not middle income families, maternal employment was related to higher HOME scores. Thus, absence of mother per se seems to be detrimental to all boys, but in low income families, this adverse effect is offset by added cognitive stimulation (HOME score) that mothers' earnings make possible.
	Bibliography Citation Michael, Robert T. "National Evidence on the Influence of Mothers' Employment on Children's Development." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

19.	Nitz, Katherine
19.	Children of Adolescent Mothers: Gender Differences in the Transmission of Problem Behavior Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Children; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Gender Differences; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Mothers, Adolescent Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the NLSY, factors influencing the occurrence of problem behaviors in 3,307 adolescent mothers and their first born children were examined. Results of logistic regression indicate that by far the quality of the home environment was the best predictor of problem behaviors for both boys and girls. In contrast, maternal deviance in 1980 was a relatively strong predictor of problem behaviors in 1986 for girls, but not for boys. Results are discussed in relation to the environmental and psychological factors that may buffer the transmission of problem behaviors across generations for both boys and girls.
	Bibliography Citation Nitz, Katherine. "Children of Adolescent Mothers: Gender Differences in the Transmission of Problem Behavior." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

20.	Paikoff, Roberta L.
20.	Influence of Grandparent Care on the Verbal and Mathematical Performance of 6-7 Year-Olds Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; General Assessment; Grandparents; Household Composition; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In the current study, early experiences with grandparent care and co-residence are examined in association with verbal and mathematical performance in a national sample of six- and seven-year-olds. Effects of child care experience (including primarily maternal, grandparent, sister or center care) during the first three years of life and of residing with a grandparent during the first year of life upon performance on the PPVT-R and PIAT math were examined separately by race for black and white children. A number of sociodemographic factors (including poverty status, mother marital status, employment, cognitive performance, and teenage versus non-teenage mother) were examined as control variables. For black children of both teenage and non-teenage mothers, living in a home above the poverty level for two or more of the first three years of life was associated with better performance on both the PPVT-R and the PIAT. For whites, the interaction of child care experience with having a teenage mother and with grandparent co-residence were both associated with performance on the PPVT-R. Results suggest that grandparent care may be beneficial for black children and for white children of teenage mothers. White children of non-teenage mothers, however, appear not to benefit from grandparent care.
	Bibliography Citation Paikoff, Roberta L. "Influence of Grandparent Care on the Verbal and Mathematical Performance of 6-7 Year-Olds." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

21.	Pollack, Harold Levine, Judith A. Comfort, Maureen E.
21.	How Do the Adolescent Children of Adolescent Mothers Behave? Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Mothers, Adolescent Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Pollack, Harold, Judith A. Levine and Maureen E. Comfort. "How Do the Adolescent Children of Adolescent Mothers Behave?" Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001.

22.	Ricciuti, Henry N.
22.	Maternal and Family Predictors of School Readiness in Black, Hispanic, and White 6- and 7-Year-Olds Presented: New Orleans, LA, 60th Anniversary Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 24-28, 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Ethnic Studies; Fathers, Absence; Hispanics; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Parents, Single; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; School Entry/Readiness; Sex Roles Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study endeavored to determine whether various maternal and family characteristics predictive of school readiness and achievement in 6 and 7 year old children operated in equivalent or dissimilar manners in three ethnic groups: Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian. In all three groups maternal ability level and education, as well as poverty status, showed the most consistent predictive correlations, while single parenthood was not a significant predictor. Spouse education and maternal attitudes towards womens' roles seemed to operate differently depending on ethnicity.
	Bibliography Citation Ricciuti, Henry N. "Maternal and Family Predictors of School Readiness in Black, Hispanic, and White 6- and 7-Year-Olds." Presented: New Orleans, LA, 60th Anniversary Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 24-28, 1993.

23.	Ricciuti, Henry N. Snow, Kyle
23.	Single Parenthood is Not Necessarily a Risk Factor for School Readiness and Achievement in 6- and 7-Year Olds Presented: Washington, DC, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Academic Development; Ethnic Studies; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Education; Parenthood; Parents, Single; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Racial Studies; School Entry/Readiness; Schooling Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Ricciuti, Henry N. and Kyle Snow. "Single Parenthood is Not Necessarily a Risk Factor for School Readiness and Achievement in 6- and 7-Year Olds." Presented: Washington, DC, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1997.

24.	Rosenthal, Saul
24.	Social Ecology of Early Maternal Employment: Effects on Verbal Intelligence and Behavior Problems in a National Sample Presented: New Orleans, LA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Care; Child Development; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Part-Time Work; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Self-Esteem; Social Environment; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. There continues to be a debate surrounding the developmental effects of maternal employment and nonmaternal care during the first year of life. General conclusions are often drawn from small samples, small effect sizes, and without regards to the context within which development is occurring. The present study was designed to explore questions of maternal employment using a social ecology perspective. That is, it is expected that employment effects would be moderated by social context variables. Poverty status at birth and relative maternal intelligence were examined as major social ecology variables. In addition, a number of control variables were included in order to determine the influence of employment within a complex social environment. Results suggest that maternal employment is somewhat related to verbal intelligence outcomes, but only in certain conditions. Verbal intelligence scores for children born below the poverty line and for children born to higher-intelligence mothers were highest for those children whose mothers worked part-time. Differential effects of employment has implications for research and general conclusions that are typically drawn in regards to maternal employment and nonmaternal care.
	Bibliography Citation Rosenthal, Saul. "Social Ecology of Early Maternal Employment: Effects on Verbal Intelligence and Behavior Problems in a National Sample." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 1993.

25.	Schiamberg, Lawrence B. Lee, Choona
25.	Predictors of Verbal Intelligence and Behavior Problems Among Four-Year-Old Children Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Children, Academic Development; Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Home Environment; Family Income; General Assessment; Hispanics; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examines the relations between several variables that distinguish between families, such as quality of the home environment, family income and maternal intelligence, and two child outcomes, verbal intelligence and behavioral problems. The central question addressed is which of the family and maternal factors assessed in this study are related to the two child outcomes, when the other factors are controlled? Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used to address this question. Analyses were done for the total sample of 587 four-year-olds. In addition, separate analyses were done for three ethnic subsamples: African-American, Hispanic and white families.
	Bibliography Citation Schiamberg, Lawrence B. and Choona Lee. "Predictors of Verbal Intelligence and Behavior Problems Among Four-Year-Old Children." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

26.	Vandell, Deborah Lowe Ramanan, Janaki
26.	After School Care and Child Development: Children of the NLSY Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Child Care; General Assessment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Vandell, Deborah Lowe and Janaki Ramanan. "After School Care and Child Development: Children of the NLSY." Presented: Seattle, WA, Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1991.

27.	Waldfogel, Jane Han, Wen-Jui Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne
27.	Early Maternal Employment and Child Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis of Children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Maternal Employment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Waldfogel, Jane, Wen-Jui Han and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. "Early Maternal Employment and Child Outcomes: A Longitudinal Analysis of Children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001.

28.	White, Kimberly A.
28.	Drinking Patterns of Young Women Before, During and After Pregnancy: Perinatal and Early Child Outcomes Presented: New Orleans, LA, 60th Anniversary Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 25-28, 1993 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation White, Kimberly A. "Drinking Patterns of Young Women Before, During and After Pregnancy: Perinatal and Early Child Outcomes." Presented: New Orleans, LA, 60th Anniversary Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 25-28, 1993.

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