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Source: Sociological Forum
Resulting in 6 citations.
| 1. |
Baird, Chardie L. |
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Going Against the Flow: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Cognitive Skills and Gender Beliefs on Occupational Aspirations and Outcomes Sociological Forum 27,4 (December 2012): 986-1009. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01365.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; Expectations/Intentions; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Differences; Occupational Aspirations; Occupational Segregation; Skills Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Occupational sex segregation persists in part due to cultural beliefs in the existence of gender differences in skills. This article explores potential resistance to the gender-typical aspirations and outcomes that re-create occupational sex segregation: cognitive skills in gender-atypical areas (i.e., math skills for women and verbal skills for men) and beliefs about women’s prioritization of family over paid work. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort, I find that individuals with skills in areas considered gender atypical have less traditional occupational aspirations and outcomes than their otherwise-similar counterparts. This process varies by gender, however. The results reflect the differential valuation of math and verbal skills. I conclude that programs designed to encourage women to pursue gender-atypical occupations that align with their gender-atypical skills are focusing on the least resistant group. |
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Bibliography Citation
Baird, Chardie L. "Going Against the Flow: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Cognitive Skills and Gender Beliefs on Occupational Aspirations and Outcomes." Sociological Forum 27,4 (December 2012): 986-1009.
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| 2. |
Dirlam, Jonathan Merry, Joseph |
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Challenges in Isolating the Effect of College Attainment and Debt Accumulation on Young Adult Self‐Concept Sociological Forum published online (2 November 2020): DOI: 10.1111/socf.12664. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/socf.12664 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; College Enrollment; Debt/Borrowing; Educational Attainment; Self-Control/Self-Regulation; Self-Esteem Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Prior studies have found college attendance to boost self‐esteem and mastery in young adults. Yet, college attendance itself is likely influenced by self‐esteem and mastery levels experienced in adolescence. And both are likely influenced by adolescent cognitive ability and academic achievement. Using data from the NLSY79‐YA, we illustrate the difficulties in isolating the positive effect of college on young adult self‐concept. First, we estimate adolescent self‐concept trajectories for respondents and analyze whether these trajectories are predictive of college attendance and degree attainment. Second, we assess whether the inclusion of adolescent self‐concept trajectories significantly reduces the beneficial effect of college on young adult self‐esteem and mastery. We also investigate the complex temporal relationship between adolescent characteristics, debt accumulation, and young adult self‐concept. Our findings show that the positive effects of college attainment and debt accumulation on young adult self‐concept are significantly reduced when measures of adolescent self‐concept and cognitive ability are included. These results imply that the benefit of going to college or acquiring debt may be overstated when adolescent characteristics are not taken into consideration. |
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Bibliography Citation
Dirlam, Jonathan and Joseph Merry. "Challenges in Isolating the Effect of College Attainment and Debt Accumulation on Young Adult Self‐Concept." Sociological Forum published online (2 November 2020): DOI: 10.1111/socf.12664.
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| 3. |
Glauber, Rebecca |
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Motherhood, Fatherhood, and the Gender Gap in Occupational Authority Sociological Forum 38 3 (01 September 2023): 637-659. Also: https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12924 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Keyword(s): Family Studies; Fatherhood; Fathers; Fixed Effects Regressions; Gender; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Equality/Inequality; Gender Gap; Labor Equality/Inequality; Labor Market Demographics; Labor Market Outcomes; Motherhood; Motherhood Penalty; Mothers; Occupational Attainment; Occupational Authority; Occupational Information Network (O*NET); Occupations; Occupations, Female; Parenthood; Women Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Does motherhood diminish women's occupational authority and widen the gender gap among contemporary workers in the U.S.? The current study answers this question using data from the Occupational Information Network and 15 waves of panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (2002-2019). Fixed effects' regressions show that married and unmarried mothers are less likely than their childless peers to have occupational authority. The motherhood penalty is larger for women with two or more children than one child. Men fare differently, as fatherhood is associated with a small increase in married men's likelihood of working in occupations with authority. Fixed effects regressions with individual slopes show that this association for men is not causal. Instead, married men may have additional children in response to an increase in their occupational authority. All told, parenthood widens the gender gap in authority. This study builds on theories of gendered families and gendered organizations to argue that mothers are systematically underrepresented in occupations with high levels of authority. Because people with authority make hiring, promotion, pay, and policy decisions, the underrepresentation of mothers may perpetuate other forms of labor market inequalities. |
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Bibliography Citation
Glauber, Rebecca. "Motherhood, Fatherhood, and the Gender Gap in Occupational Authority." Sociological Forum 38 3 (01 September 2023): 637-659.
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Hodges, Melissa J. |
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Intersections on the Class Escalator: Gender, Race, and Occupational Segregation in Paid Care Work Sociological Forum 35,1 (March 2020): 24-49. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/socf.12566 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Discrimination; Gender Differences; Occupational Choice; Occupational Segregation; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As U.S. manufacturing and production industries have declined, the growth of the care sector has increasingly become an important source of jobs for workers without a college degree. Often requiring some form of postsecondary credentialing, many care occupations can provide better wages, job stability, and possible upward mobility for less educated workers. However, employment patterns in paid care work are both gendered and racialized: women and workers of color are overrepresented in care occupations with fewer entry barriers, benefits, and lower pay. Although these patterns are well documented, the mechanisms producing them are less well understood. Using event history analysis and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), this study evaluates the explanatory power of neoclassical economic, status attainment, and social closure theories of occupational segregation for black women's and men's greater hazard or "risk" of entering care occupations, relative to white workers. Net of individual and closure mechanisms, significant residual effects suggest labor market discrimination remains a primary explanation for the over‐representation of black workers in less credentialed care jobs with fewer benefits. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hodges, Melissa J. "Intersections on the Class Escalator: Gender, Race, and Occupational Segregation in Paid Care Work." Sociological Forum 35,1 (March 2020): 24-49.
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Jacobs, Jerry A. Karen, David McClelland, Katherine |
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Dynamics of Young Men's Career Aspirations Sociological Forum 6,4 (December 1991): 609-639 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Job Aspirations; Racial Differences; Sociability/Socialization/Social Interaction The dynamics of career aspirations are explored using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Men (N = 5,125 males ages 14-24 followed since 1966). Results demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of young men have high aspirations at some point, though they decline with age. Occupational aspirations, highly unstable among teenagers, become more stable with age. Racial and social origin differences in aspirations grow with age, reflecting widening race and social class differences in educational attainment. 7 Tables, 47 References. Adapted from the source document. (Copyright 1992, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.) |
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Bibliography Citation
Jacobs, Jerry A., David Karen and Katherine McClelland. "Dynamics of Young Men's Career Aspirations." Sociological Forum 6,4 (December 1991): 609-639.
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| 6. |
Ramey, David |
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The Social Construction of Child Social Control via Criminalization and Medicalization: Why Race Matters Sociological Forum 33,1 (March 2018): 139-164. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/socf.12403 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Attention/Attention Deficit; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Adjustment Problems; Ethnic Differences; Racial Differences; School Suspension/Expulsion; Self-Control/Self-Regulation Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Scholars point to two trends in the social construction of child social control: criminalization and medicalization. To control child behavior, schools and parents turn to strategies motivated by both the criminal justice and mental health systems. For example, school suspension and expulsion rates in the United States have increased alongside the use of therapy or medication for children diagnosed with behavior disorders. Despite these concurrent trends, research rarely considers how criminalization and medicalization operate as opposing or collaborative approaches to child misbehavior. In this article, I take advantage of a prospective longitudinal panel study to examine patterns of school punishment and/or the medicalization in a sample of children between the ages of 5 and 14 over 25 years. Findings demonstrate that black children have higher odds of experiencing punishment than white children, but Hispanic children do not. Additionally, black and Hispanic children have lower odds of receiving therapy or medication than white children. Furthermore, racial/ethnic disparities in punishment or therapy/medication use vary across children with higher or lower behavior problem scores. |
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Bibliography Citation
Ramey, David. "The Social Construction of Child Social Control via Criminalization and Medicalization: Why Race Matters." Sociological Forum 33,1 (March 2018): 139-164.
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