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Source: Southern Economic Association

Resulting in 9 citations.

1.	Agee, Mark D. Atkinson, Scott E. Crocker, Thomas D.
1.	Multiple-output Child Health Production Functions: The Impact of Time-varying and Time-invariant Inputs Southern Economic Journal 75,2 (October 2008): 410-428. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Asthma; Child Health; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Disability; Environment, Pollution/Urban Density; Geographical Variation; Head Start; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Models; Maternal Employment; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Teachers/Faculty Many production activities generate undesirable outputs in conjunction with the desirable outputs. In this paper we present the first estimates of a multiple-input, multiple-output directional distance function that relates good and bad inputs from home, school, and environment to good and bad outputs, measured as children's cognitive and behavioral development. This household directional distance function is estimated using a balanced panel of 369 families from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child Sample for 1996 to 2000 using the generalized method of moments within estimator and instrumental variables. We recover consistent partial effects for the time-invariant variables in a second-stage regression and estimate their corrected asymptotic standard errors. We then compute and examine productivity differences among households defined as the increase (decrease) in good (bad) outputs that families could attain with constant inputs if they were operating on the technological frontier. Our estimates suggest the presence of significant inefficiency among sample families that diminishes over time.
	Bibliography Citation Agee, Mark D., Scott E. Atkinson and Thomas D. Crocker. "Multiple-output Child Health Production Functions: The Impact of Time-varying and Time-invariant Inputs." Southern Economic Journal 75,2 (October 2008): 410-428.

2.	Dauterive, Jerry W. Jonish, James E.
2.	Structure of Wage Rates Among Black and White Career Women Presented: New Orleans, LA, Southern Economics Association, 1975 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Racial Differences; Wage Rates This study, drawn from the NLS of Mature Women 30-44, analyzes the impact of differences in human capital and labor market structure upon career women's wage rates and on the racial earnings gap. The results indicate that the determinants of interpersonal differences in wages are formal and informal investments in human capital. Other significant determinants are structural characteristics of occupations, industries, and labor markets which have an important role in explaining wage differentials. Evidence also shows that wage differentials are significant among black and white women. In order to narrow the earnings gap, differences in human capital endowments and market characteristics must be considered. In addition, programs should be designed to eliminate the clustering of black women in lower paying jobs.
	Bibliography Citation Dauterive, Jerry W. and James E. Jonish. "Structure of Wage Rates Among Black and White Career Women." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Southern Economics Association, 1975.

3.	Hardy, Bradley L. Gershenson, Seth
3.	Parental Involvement, Summer Activities, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment Presented: New Orleans LA, Southern Economic Association Annual Meeting, October 2012. Updated May 2013. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Children, Academic Development; Educational Attainment; Extracurricular Activities/Sports; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility, Economic; Mothers, Education; Parent-School involvement; Parental Influences Several authors have speculated that differences in parental involvement across parents' educational attainment may influence the intergenerational transmission of education; however, these literatures have yet to be formally integrated. We begin to fill this gap in the literature by estimating augmented intergenerational mobility models that include measures of parental involvement and children's participation in "school like" summer activities using rich data from the Child and Young Adult Supplement to the National Longitudinal Survey (NLSY79). Adding parental involvement and summer activity measures to the vector of standard socioeconomic controls does not change the estimated intergenerational transmission of education coefficient. Participation in summer activities significantly influences children's educational attainment, and the transmission of education operates at least partially through highly-educated mothers facilitating their children's participation in stimulating summer activities.
	Bibliography Citation Hardy, Bradley L. and Seth Gershenson. "Parental Involvement, Summer Activities, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment." Presented: New Orleans LA, Southern Economic Association Annual Meeting, October 2012. Updated May 2013.

4.	Kniesner, Thomas J.
4.	Fertility, Marital Instability, and Alimony Presented: Atlanta, GA, Southern Economic Association Meetings, 1976 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Alimony; Child Support; Children; Family Resources; Fertility; Marital Instability; Parental Influences This study analyzes marital instability among women 30-44, within a statistical framework. Three specific issues are focused on: (1) How does the fertility pattern of the wife influence the stability of a marriage? (2) What factors determine actual alimony and child support payments? (3) What effect does potential alimony and support payments have on divorce and separation? In addition, new evidence is presented dealing with parental marital instability and their children's economic success.
	Bibliography Citation Kniesner, Thomas J. "Fertility, Marital Instability, and Alimony." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Southern Economic Association Meetings, 1976.

5.	Martin, Linda R. Stevens, Kathy C.
5.	Wage Expectations and the Future Earnings of Women Presented: New Orleans, LA, Meetings of the Southern Economic Association CSWEP Session, 1986 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Earnings; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Self-Esteem; Sex Roles; Variables, Independent - Covariate; Wages, Women; Work Attitudes This study investigated sex and race differences in job satisfaction, ratings of supervisors' competence, and intention to re-enlist as a function of self esteem, sex role attitudes and proportion of female coworkers for black and white youth in the military. 829 black and white, male and female youth ranging in age from 16 to 23 who completed extensive interview questionnaires as part of the military subsample of the NLSY comprised the sample. It was predicted that a negative relationship would be found between self esteem, stereotypical sex role attitudes, and proportion of female coworkers as the independent variables, and job satisfaction, intention to re-enlist, and supervisors' competence ratings as the dependent variables. This negative relationship was hypothesized to be stronger for whites than for blacks, and for males than for females. None of these hypotheses were supported when the data were analyzed with correlation and regression procedures. Possible explanations for the lack of conclusive findings are discussed, along with the limitations of the present study, directions for future research, and implications for policy development regarding integrating women into military work settings. [UMI ADG87-17476]
	Bibliography Citation Martin, Linda R. and Kathy C. Stevens. "Wage Expectations and the Future Earnings of Women." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Meetings of the Southern Economic Association CSWEP Session, 1986.

6.	Moore, Quinn Schmidt, Lucie
6.	Do Maternal Investments in Human Capital Affect Their Children's Educational Outcomes? Presented: San Antonio, TX, Southern Economic Association Meetings, 2003. Also: http://www.williams.edu/Economics/wp/schmidtmoore_schmidt.pdf Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, Academic Development; Educational Attainment; Human Capital; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Children of educated mothers fare better on a variety of educational outcomes. However, little research has been done on the effects of human capital investments undertaken by mothers with children at home. Such investments have a theoretically ambiguous effect on child outcomes, since human capital investment reduces time spent with children but may have positive spillover effects on child investment. Using childand sibling-fixed effects models to deal with unobserved heterogeneity, we find that cumulative maternal schooling undertaken during a child's lifetime has significant positive effects on child outcomes, and that negative time allocation effects are minimal.
	Bibliography Citation Moore, Quinn and Lucie Schmidt. "Do Maternal Investments in Human Capital Affect Their Children's Educational Outcomes?" Presented: San Antonio, TX, Southern Economic Association Meetings, 2003.

7.	Mukherjee, Sumanta Fink, Guenther
7.	The Impact of Maternal Employment on Child's Mental Health: Evidence from the NLSY-Child Presented: Chicago, IL, Southern Economic Association Annual Meetings, November 20-23, 2008 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Children, Behavioral Development; Children, Mental Health; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Depression (see also CESD); Maternal Employment An extensive literature has analyzed the effect of a mother's employment on the cognitive outcomes of her children. However, the role of maternal employment in a child's noncognitive development has received comparatively scant attention. In this paper, data on a panel of children aged four through fifteen are analyzed to explore the effect of maternal employment on a child's mental health outcomes. Using ordinary least squares and fixed effects estimates, we find that mothers who spend more time at home have children with fewer emotional problems: they score lower on the behavioral problems index; they are also less likely to be frequently unhappy or depressed. In addition, children with mothers spending more time at home are less likely to hurt someone, steal something, or skip school. We test and confirm the robustness of our results by using involuntary job losses as alternative identification strategy.
	Bibliography Citation Mukherjee, Sumanta and Guenther Fink. "The Impact of Maternal Employment on Child's Mental Health: Evidence from the NLSY-Child." Presented: Chicago, IL, Southern Economic Association Annual Meetings, November 20-23, 2008.

8.	Orman, Wafa Hakim North, Charles M. Gwin, Carl R.
8.	Mom and Dad Took Me to Church: Religion and Educational Attainment Presented: Washington, DC, Southern Economic Association Meetings, November 2008 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Religion; Siblings We look at data from the two waves of the Baylor Survey taken in the spring of 2005 and the fall of 2006, and from the NLSY79 Child/Young Adult Survey to see the effects of parental and personal religious attendance on educational outcomes. Preliminary results from the Baylor Surveys show that parents are a lot more likely to go to church than people with no children; and better-educated people generally had parents who attended church services twice a month or more. We then look at the Child/Young Adult Survey of the NLSY79, and find that, controlling for mother and family effects, educational outcomes are increasing in religious attendance, but this effect weakens for higher levels of mother's education.
	Bibliography Citation Orman, Wafa Hakim, Charles M. North and Carl R. Gwin. "Mom and Dad Took Me to Church: Religion and Educational Attainment." Presented: Washington, DC, Southern Economic Association Meetings, November 2008.

9.	Ozturk, Orgul Demet Chyi, Hau
9.	Welfare and Work Participation of Single Mothers and Children's Cognitive Development Presented: New Orleans, LA, Southern Economic Association, November 19-21, 2007. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Maternal Employment; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Welfare The effects of single mothers' welfare participation and work decisions on children's outcomes are important. First, theories and empirical studies regarding the effects of mothers' work on children's attainments yield ambiguous findings. Second, participating in AFDC also exhibits a negative statistical relationship with the participating children's possible outcomes of all sorts in the data. We develop a dynamic structural model of a single mother's work and welfare participation decisions while their children are young. This model is used to measure the effects of mothers' decisions on children's attainments in the short run. Using NLSY79 children's PIAT Math test scores as a measure of attainment, we find that single mother's work and welfare use in the first five years of her child's life both have positive effect on her child's outcome, but this effect declines by the initial ability. The higher the potential ability of child, the lower the positive impact work and welfare have. In fact, in case of welfare the effect is negative if child has more than about median initial ability.. Furthermore, we find that work requirement reduces a single mother's use of welfare. However, the net effect of work requirement on a child's test score depends on whether mother's work brings in enough labor income to compensate for the loss of welfare benefits. We also look at the implications of welfare eligibility time limit, child bonus, and maternal leave, on child's outcome.
	Bibliography Citation Ozturk, Orgul Demet and Hau Chyi. "Welfare and Work Participation of Single Mothers and Children's Cognitive Development." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Southern Economic Association, November 19-21, 2007.

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