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Title: Do Some Mothers Pay a Higher Price? Variation in Motherhood Wage Penalties by Education, Parity, and Fertility Timing
Resulting in 1 citation.
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Doren, Catherine |
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Do Some Mothers Pay a Higher Price? Variation in Motherhood Wage Penalties by Education, Parity, and Fertility Timing Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Childbearing; Educational Attainment; Maternal Employment; Motherhood; Wage Penalty/Career Penalty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Fertility timing and the number of children women have vary by education, but research examining education variation in motherhood effects has given relatively little attention to how timing and parity shape motherhood wage penalties. Using fixed-effects models and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I estimate heterogeneous effects of motherhood by age at the transition to motherhood, by parity, and by ages at later births, considering how these effects differ by whether women have a college degree. I find that the transition to motherhood, regardless of its timing, has substantial wage penalty for less educated mothers, while college-educated mothers see a premium. Analyses of timing show that this premium is only realized if they delay childbearing until their late twenties and grows with further delays. All women see wage penalties for later births, although these penalties do not vary by education and are largely unshaped by delays. |
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Bibliography Citation
Doren, Catherine. "Do Some Mothers Pay a Higher Price? Variation in Motherhood Wage Penalties by Education, Parity, and Fertility Timing." Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018. |