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Title: The Impact of Time Perspective on Resilience in at-Risk African American Youth
Resulting in 1 citation.
1. Aronowitz, Teri B.
The Impact of Time Perspective on Resilience in at-Risk African American Youth
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Rochester School of Nursing, 2002. DAI-B 63/03, p. 1263, Sep 2002
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Black Studies; Inner-City; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Morbidity; Mortality; Racial Studies; Resilience/Developmental Assets; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Social Roles; Substance Use

American society struggles to find solutions to the multiple risk behaviors in youth including violence, substance abuse, school failure and sexual risk-taking (Hawkins, Castalano, & Hawkins, 1992a; Reiss, Richters, Radke-Yarrow, & Scharff, 1993; Sampson and Laub, 1993). Research has shown that these phenomena are highly interrelated (Jessor, 1991; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992), are on the rise in young adolescents (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 1995), and are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in youth (Irwin, 1993). Klumpfer (1996) has speculated that the increase in these risk behaviors is related to increased numbers of children being raised in poverty. Although it has been shown that youngsters in impoverished neighborhoods are more likely to participate in risk behaviors (Garbarino, 1995), some youth remain resilient in these environments (Rutter, Maugham, Mortimore, & Ouston, 1979; Werner & Smith, 1992). Researchers have shown that one important correlate of resilience among at-risk youth is a sense of connection to at least one caring, competent, reliable adult (Resnick, et al, 1998; Werner & Smith, 1992). This connectedness has been found to influence individual development, shaping attitudes and expectations within and beyond the family (Cooper, Grotevant, Condon, 1983; Grotevant & Cooper, 1985, 1986). It is hypothesized that the interactions within this connection foster a future time perspective, and that this future time perspective instills resilience in at-risk youth. Within a social-contextual framework, this study tested the relationship between future time perspective among youth living in economically disadvantaged areas and positive child outcomes. This longitudinal study applied secondary analysis employing the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (Add Health) to test the study hypotheses. Latent Variable Structural Equation Modeling was used to explore the association of connectedness, feeling about self, time perspective and resilience in early adolescents. The sample consisted of 1069 African American, impoverished, inner-city adolescents 11–15 years old. A cross-validation approach was used, randomly dividing the sample into two groups, a calibration group and a validation group. A model of factors that contribute to the future time perspective of at-risk youth was proposed based on concepts from the Cultural Ecology Model and the Multiple Selves/Multiple Worlds Model. The measurement model indicated that connectedness and time perspective accounted for a significant variance in resilience. There was no direct effect of connectedness on resilience; suggesting time perspective plays a key role in mediating the relationship between connectedness and resilience. In addition, among boys the path between connectedness and time perspective was also not significant. Time perspective did play a significant role in resilience for both genders. All findings were supported in the cross validation model.
Bibliography Citation
Aronowitz, Teri B. The Impact of Time Perspective on Resilience in at-Risk African American Youth. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Rochester School of Nursing, 2002. DAI-B 63/03, p. 1263, Sep 2002.