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Source: SSRN - Social Science Research Network (SSRN

Resulting in 9 citations.

1.	Choi, Seungbee
1.	Is Back to the Nest a Good Decision? The Effect of Returning to Parental Home on the Individual Economic Outcomes Among Young Adults in the US Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, January 2022. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4004701 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Income; Residence, Return to Parental Home/Delayed Homeleaving; Savings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Young adults who achieved independent living often go back to their parental homes because they cannot afford to maintain financial independence. While much attention has been paid to the factors related to giving up independent living, the lives of young people after returning to parental homes are not well known. This study examines the economic outcomes of young people who have returned to their parents' home, using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort (NLSY 97). The economic outcomes of boomerang movers did not improve compared to the period of independent living, and the income gap with young people who remained independent widened. However, it's not a bad choice in the short term if the living expenses that boomerang movers save by staying at their parents' homes exceed the income gap. The residential movement of young people who make boomerang moves has an impact on their income, but this effect is short-lived. Going back to a parental house changes the region and urban form significantly, and movement of urban form from the central city to the suburban and from the suburban to out of the MSA has a negative impact on income. Findings from the study suggest implications.
	Bibliography Citation Choi, Seungbee. "Is Back to the Nest a Good Decision? The Effect of Returning to Parental Home on the Individual Economic Outcomes Among Young Adults in the US." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, January 2022.

2.	Daniels, Gerald Smythe, Andria C.
2.	Student Debt and Labor Market Outcomes Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, March 2018. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3052040 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Debt/Borrowing; Income; Labor Market Outcomes; Student Loans / Student Aid Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We study the impact of student debt on various labor market outcomes, namely, labor market income, hourly wages, hours worked, probability of being employed and probability of full-time employment. Using data from the NLSY97 surveys and a difference in difference approach, we find statistically significant differences in labor market outcomes for individuals who received a student loan versus those who received no student loan. Our findings are that the difference in income during versus after college enrollment is 8-9 percent higher for student debt holders when compared to individuals with no student debt. We find evidence that this higher income among student loan holders is due to higher work hours rather than higher wage rates. We also find that the difference in full-time employment during versus after college enrollment is 5 percent higher for student-debt holders when compared to students with no debt. [Also presented at Atlanta GA, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2019]
	Bibliography Citation Daniels, Gerald and Andria C. Smythe. "Student Debt and Labor Market Outcomes." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, March 2018.

3.	Ersoy, Fulya
3.	Medium-Run Effects of Student Loans on Debt Holdings Working Paper, Department of Economics, Loyola Marymount University, October 31, 2018. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3277101 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Debt/Borrowing; Student Loans / Student Aid Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Both student loans and household debt are at their peaks. This paper investigates whether and how student loans causally impact debt holdings of individuals in the medium run using data from NLSY97. To identify the causal effect of student loans on future debt holdings, I instrument the amount of student loan debt with eligibility for merit grants where the first stage involves a triple differences estimation. I find that student loans mechanically increase debt holdings at age 25 and non-mechanically decrease debt holdings at age 30 by reducing credit card debt (but not house or vehicle debt). I explore potential explanations for this non-mechanical decrease. I find that student loans positively impact the educational outcomes of students, but do not increase their risk aversion or impact their mental well-being. Furthermore, the effects are driven by individuals from poorer families. These results suggest that individuals reduce their borrowing (at least partially) because of education and credit constraint channels, but not because they become more averse to debt.
	Bibliography Citation Ersoy, Fulya. "Medium-Run Effects of Student Loans on Debt Holdings." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Loyola Marymount University, October 31, 2018.

4.	Groves, Jeremy Wilcox, Virginia
4.	The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Unemployment Duration Among Young American Workers Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, September 2022. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4205760 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Obesity; Unemployment Duration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Obesity has a profound effect on the working careers of Americans. Prior studies pertaining to workers in other countries report that obese women experienced longer spells of unemployment than normal weight peers. However, the effect of obesity on unemployment duration has not been studies for American workers. To address this gap in the literature, we report estimates of the effects of overweight and obesity from a proportional hazards model of unemployment duration that controls for unobserved individual characteristics. Using a data sample of young workers drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997), our findings indicate that, on average, overweight and obese job seekers experienced significantly longer spells of unemployment. The effects differed by race and sex: Women experienced longer spells across body mass index (BMI) groups and Black women had longer unemployment spells compared to White women in similar BMI groups. In contrast, BMI caused no impact on the duration of unemployment spells among men nor for Hispanic workers of either sex.
	Bibliography Citation Groves, Jeremy and Virginia Wilcox. "The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Unemployment Duration Among Young American Workers." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, September 2022.

5.	Jiang, Danling Lim, Sonya S.
5.	Trust, Consumer Debt, and Household Finance Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, June 2013 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Debt/Borrowing; Financial Behaviors/Decisions; Trust Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a large sample of U.S. individuals, we show that trust is an important determinant of an array of household financial decisions and outcomes including debt management. Individuals with a higher level of trust are less likely to be in debt, miss payments, file bankruptcy, or go through foreclosure. Their households have lower financial leverage, higher retirement savings and assets, and greater net worth. We show a causal impact of trust on financial outcomes by extracting the component of trust correlated with an individual's early life experiences, and also by purging out the component of trust correlated with prior economic success. The effect of trust channels through the beliefs formed in response to the trustworthiness of people one deals with, as well as through personal values of trust and trustworthiness rooted in the family and cultural background. Trust has a more pronounced effect among females and those who have lower education or income. Our further evidence suggests that enhancing individuals' trust, and to the right amount, can improve household financial well-being.
	Bibliography Citation Jiang, Danling and Sonya S. Lim. "Trust, Consumer Debt, and Household Finance." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, June 2013.

6.	Rademakers, Robbert van Hoorn, Andre
6.	Physical Appearance and Ancestry as Predictors of Racial Passing: A Research Note on Racial (Non-)Fluidity in the U.S. Working Paper, SSRN, November 2021. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3964577 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Physical Characteristics; Racial Differences; Racial Studies Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Although the idea that individuals' race is fluid and can change over time is increasingly accepted, racial identities have a structural component involving the presence of immutable and typically easily observable individual traits. This research note considers physical appearance (hair and eye color) and ancestry as stable and innate personal traits that may hinder or foster changes in individuals' ascribed or externally-assigned race. Focusing on the likelihood of non-Whites in the U.S. to pass as White, empirical results for the period 1980-1998 indicate that such racial lightening mostly occurred among individuals with European ancestry. Hair and eye color are far less important predictors of intra-individual racial identity change, but still more important than time-varying and likely endogenous factors such as personal income are. We obtain similar longitudinal evidence when considering physical appearance and ancestry as predictors of racial darkening instead of racial lightening. We conclude that between 1980 and 1998 for most Americans racial boundaries remained largely impermeable, although the constraining influence of ancestry on racial lightening seems to have declined in the second half of this period.
	Bibliography Citation Rademakers, Robbert and Andre van Hoorn. "Physical Appearance and Ancestry as Predictors of Racial Passing: A Research Note on Racial (Non-)Fluidity in the U.S." Working Paper, SSRN, November 2021.

7.	Ringo, Daniel
7.	Home Ownership As a Labor Market Friction Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (SSRN), March 17, 2017. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3144673 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Home Ownership; Mobility; Parental Influences; Unemployment Duration; Unemployment Rate, Regional Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper estimates the effect of home ownership on individuals' unemployment. Because of higher moving costs, home owners will be less willing than renters to relocate for work and could therefore face longer unemployment spells. Estimation is complicated by the endogeneity of ownership, as owners will have different abilities, preferences and job prospects than renters. I instrument for home ownership using a preference shifter from the worker's childhood environment. The results indicate that home ownership is a significant hindrance to mobility, and homeowners suffer longer unemployment spells and more frequent job loss because of it.
	Bibliography Citation Ringo, Daniel. "Home Ownership As a Labor Market Friction." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network (SSRN), March 17, 2017.

8.	Schreiner Wertz, Sydney
8.	Do Dynamic Business Environments Differentially Attract Highly and Less Educated Labor Force Participants? Evidence from the NLSY97 Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, August 2022. Also: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4182932 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): College Graduates; Geocoded Data; High School Completion/Graduates; Local Labor Market; Migration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using individual-level, geocode data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth's 1997 cohort, I ask whether business dynamism in local labor markets, defined as the rates of job creation and establishment entry, affects the location decisions of labor force participants, and I examine how effects differ for highly and less educated labor force participants. I find that a one standard deviation increase in business dynamism is associated with a 2 to 4 percent increase in probability a college graduate chooses a metropolitan statistical area and an 8 to 15 percent decrease for high school graduates with no college experience. These results support recent findings documenting a decrease in responsiveness to local labor market conditions and suggest that incentivizing job creation in local labor markets may not be enough to offset the trend of declining internal migration in the United States.
	Bibliography Citation Schreiner Wertz, Sydney. "Do Dynamic Business Environments Differentially Attract Highly and Less Educated Labor Force Participants? Evidence from the NLSY97." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, August 2022.

9.	Thompson, Owen
9.	The Effect of Income on Health: Evidence from New Health Measures in the NLSY Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, January 2012. Also: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1987728 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. Keyword(s): Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Income; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Obesity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. While it is well known that income and health are positively associated, the critical question of whether this relationship is causal remains open. Income may cause better health, but causality could also run from health to income, or both income and health could be correlated with one or more unobserved variables. This paper attempts to overcome these problems by systematically exploiting features of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which recently added several important health measures. To account for reverse-causality, I reason that health effects income mainly by limiting labor force activities, and focus on a subpopulation that has never reported a health related work limitation. To account for omitted variables, I estimate sibling fixed-effects models to control for childhood conditions and genetic background, and include direct controls for discount rates, risk aversion and cognitive ability. I find that income has a significant causal effect on physical health and obesity, but not on mental health, smoking or heavy drinking. My preferred models predict that an individual with a permanent income of $70,000 is approximately 10% less likely to be obese than if they had a permanent income of $30,000, and reports physical health that is .25 standard deviations more favorable.
	Bibliography Citation Thompson, Owen. "The Effect of Income on Health: Evidence from New Health Measures in the NLSY." Working Paper, Social Science Research Network, January 2012.

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