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Title: Social Stratification and Health: Resources and Exposures Related to the Racial, Ethnic and Gender Differences in Smoking
Resulting in 1 citation.
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Weden, Margaret M. |
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Social Stratification and Health: Resources and Exposures Related to the Racial, Ethnic and Gender Differences in Smoking Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, June 2005. DAI-A 65/12 (2005): 4735 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Employment History; Ethnic Differences; Event History; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Job Characteristics; Life Course; Occupations; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); Socioeconomic Status (SES); Unemployment; Work Histories Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. During early adulthood, differences in health behaviors emerge that are precursors to inequalities in health and mortality experienced in later life. The role of employment, as a fundamental determinant of resources, is considered for young adults aging into midlife (ages 15-40 years over 1979-1998). Discrete-time hazards models show that there are effects of joblessness on cessation among women, but not among men. The lower likelihood of cessation among African American and Hispanic women who are out of the labor force is explained by social and economic resources. European American women who are unemployed or out of the labor force remain less likely to quit even after controlling for these resources. The effects of psychosocial exposures at work are modeled using discrete-time hazards models. 'High strain' jobs with high demands and low latitude, and 'passive' jobs with low demands and low latitude, are associated with the lowest cessation. 'Active' jobs with high demands and high latitude is associated with the highest cessation. These differences in cessation by workplace conditions are instructive for understanding racial, ethnic and gender differences in smoking since men are more likely to age into 'active' than 'high strain' jobs, and African Americans are the most likely to remain in 'passive' jobs. The analyses underscore the relevance of policy that increases human capital leading to employment and occupational attainment. They also highlight the need for workplace health programs that extend beyond individual interventions to address workplace conditions. |
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Bibliography Citation
Weden, Margaret M. Social Stratification and Health: Resources and Exposures Related to the Racial, Ethnic and Gender Differences in Smoking. Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, June 2005. DAI-A 65/12 (2005): 4735. |