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Author: Barrow, Lisa

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1.	Barrow, Lisa
1.	An Analysis of Women's Return-to-Work Decisions Following First Birth Economic Inquiry 37,3 (July 1999): 432-451. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1999.tb01441.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Child Care; Household Composition; Maternal Employment; Work Histories Women's labor force participation has increased sharply over the last two decades, particularly for married women with young children. This suggests women are spending less time out of the labor force for child bearing and rearing. Using the detailed information available within the NLSY, I explore women's decisions to return to work within one year of their first child's birth, focusing on the effect of child care costs. Consistent with economic theory, women facing lower child care costs are more likely to return to work as are women with higher potential wages and lower family income from other sources.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa. "An Analysis of Women's Return-to-Work Decisions Following First Birth." Economic Inquiry 37,3 (July 1999): 432-451.

2.	Barrow, Lisa
2.	Child Care Costs and the Return-to-Work Decisions of New Mothers Economic Perspectives 23,4 (November 1999): 42-55. Also: http://ideas.repec.org/a/fip/fedhep/y1999iqivp42-55nv.23no.4.html Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Keyword(s): Child Care; Economics of Gender; Family Income; Household Composition; Maternal Employment; Wealth; Work Histories Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this article, I examine the economic determinants of a woman's decision to return to work quickly following childbirth. I consider three key factors in this decision: the opportunity cost of taking time out of the labor force (that is, the potential wage rate available to a woman), the wealth effect of other family income, and most particularly, the opportunity cost of working outside the home in terms of child care costs. I first describe a simple theoretical model of a new mother's return-to-work decision. The model predicts that the decision to return to work will depend on a woman's wage net of hourly child care costs and other family income (including spouse or partner income). I then test the theoretical model as closely as possible. In order to get a measure of child care costs faced by women as they decide whether to return to work, I calculate average child care worker wages across states and over time to proxy for variation in child care cost across states and over time. I find that women with higher wages are significantly more likely to return to work, and women facing higher child care costs or having greater other family income are significantly less likely to return to work after first birth. I also find that older women, women with more education, and women whose adult female role model was working when they were teenagers are more likely to return to work.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa. "Child Care Costs and the Return-to-Work Decisions of New Mothers." Economic Perspectives 23,4 (November 1999): 42-55.

3.	Barrow, Lisa
3.	Empirical Analyses of Household Decision-Making: Location Choice, Property Values, and Women's Labor Force Participation Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University, 1999 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Census of Population; Child Care; Education; Family Income; First Birth; Labor Force Participation; School Quality; Women's Studies This dissertation contains three essays investigating the indirect effects of children on economic decisions and outcomes. The first two analyze school choice and education efficiency driven by households voting with their feet while the third focuses on child care costs and women's labor force participation. In the first essay I show how the monetary value parents place on school quality may be inferred from residential location choices. I implement the method with data from the U.S. Census for Washington, D.C. using residential location decisions in 1990. For whites I find school quality is an important determinant of residential choices and, households with children in the top income quintile are willing to pay $3,300 for schools generating a 100 SAT point advantage. The evidence does not indicate that the choices of African Americans are influenced by school quality, which suggests this group may be constrained in their location choices. The second essay utilizes a "market-based" approach to evaluate public school efficiency. Using data collected from state departments of education and taxation and the U.S. Censuses of Population and Governments for 1980 and 1990, the study examines the effect of changes in state aid for education on school district property values. Property values are expected to increase in states for which school districts on average spend money efficiently. From the subset of nine states analyzed, the results indicate that the majority of states are inefficient with only one state approximately efficient on average and one state under spending on average. Finally, the third essay moves away from education and looks at the effect of child care cost on women's labor force participation following first-birth. Using the relatively detailed information available in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this paper explores women's decisions to return to work within one year of the birth of their first child, focusing particularly on the effect of child care costs. Consistent with economic theory, women who face lower child care costs are more likely to return to work after giving birth as are women with higher potential wages and lower family income from other sources.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa. Empirical Analyses of Household Decision-Making: Location Choice, Property Values, and Women's Labor Force Participation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University, 1999.

4.	Barrow, Lisa Rouse, Cecilia Elena
4.	Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity? Working Paper No. WP-2005-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, February 2005. Also: http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/wp2005_02.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Keyword(s): Education, Adult; Educational Returns; Ethnic Differences; Racial Differences; Schooling Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the U.S. Decennial Census and the National Longitudinal Surveys, we find little evidence of differences in the return to schooling across racial and ethnic groups, even with attempts to control for ability and measurement error biases. While our point estimates are relatively similar across racial and ethnic groups, our conclusion is driven in part by relatively large standard errors. That said, we find no evidence that returns to schooling are lower for African Americans or Hispanics than for non-minorities. As a result, policies that increase education among the lowskilled have a good possibility of increasing economic well-being and reducing inequality. More generally, our analysis suggests further research is needed to better understand the nature of measurement error and ability bias across subgroups in order to fully understand potential heterogeneity in the return to schooling across the population.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa and Cecilia Elena Rouse. "Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity?" Working Paper No. WP-2005-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, February 2005.

5.	Barrow, Lisa Rouse, Cecilia Elena
5.	Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity? Presented: Philadelphia, PA, Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, January 7-9, 2005. Also: Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Economic Well-Being; Educational Returns; Ethnic Differences; Heterogeneity; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Schooling Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the U.S. Decennial Census and the National Longitudinal Surveys, we find little evidence of differences in the return to schooling across racial and ethnic groups, even with attempts to control for ability and measurement error biases. While our point estimates are relatively similar across racial and ethnic groups, our conclusion is driven in part by relatively large standard errors. That said, we find no evidence that returns to schooling are lower for African Americans or Hispanics than for non-minorities. As a result, policies that increase education among the low-skilled have a good possibility of increasing economic well-being and reducing inequality. More generally, our analysis suggests further research is needed to better understand the nature of measurement error and ability bias across subgroups in order to fully understand potential heterogeneity in the return to schooling across the population.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa and Cecilia Elena Rouse. "Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity?" Presented: Philadelphia, PA, Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, January 7-9, 2005.

6.	Barrow, Lisa Rouse, Cecilia Elena
6.	Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity? American Economic Review 95,2 (May 2005): 83-87. Also: http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/000282805774670130 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Educational Returns; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article examines the variations in returns to schooling rates in the U.S. The article further evidence on the variation in returns to schooling by examining whether the benefits vary by race and ethnicity of the individual. Using data from the U.S. Decennial Census and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979, the article find little evidence of differences in the return to schooling across racial and ethnic groups, even with attempts to control for ability and measurement-error biases. As a result, policies that increase education among the low-skilled, who are disproportionately African-American and Hispanic, have a good possibility of increasing economic well-being and reducing inequality.
	Bibliography Citation Barrow, Lisa and Cecilia Elena Rouse. "Do Returns to Schooling Differ by Race and Ethnicity?" American Economic Review 95,2 (May 2005): 83-87.

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