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Author: Buster, Maury Allen

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1.	Buster, Maury Allen
1.	Genetic and Environmental Influences on Alcohol Use: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Oklahoma, 1997. DAI-B 58/02, p. 1019, August 1997 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Adoption; Alcohol Use; Behavior; Family Studies; Gender; Genetics; Hispanics; Kinship; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Racial Differences; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Self-Esteem Alcohol use and abuse are topics that have been studied for many years. The research, including twin studies, adoption studies, and family history/high risk studies have focused primarily on the genetic or familial ties as related to these topics. Accordingly, results have consistently implied a genetic factor in the determination of alcohol abuse. However, little research has been conducted in search of environmental factors in the determination of alcohol use and abuse. Additionally, recent publications from other areas have documented the importance of 'nonshared' genetic and environmental influences in accounting for the variability in personality measures. This study uses the NLSY dataset and a biosocial modeling approach called DeFries-Fulker (DF) Analysis to estimate the extent of the shared genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use. Additional analyses using an extended version of the DF model are conducted to identify nonshared genetic and environmental effects on alcohol use. DF analyses were conducted for the entire set of kinship pairs in the NLSY dataset, with additional analyses by race and by gender pair. The estimates of heritability (h$/sp2$) and shared environment (c$/sp2$) were small to moderate for the entire dataset for both light drinking and heavy drinking behavior. The h$/sp2$ estimate was slightly higher in each case. Nonshared genetic measures of self-esteem and locus of control accounted for a significant portion of the remaining variance in heavy drinking behavior. DF analyses by race produced interesting findings. Each of the groups--Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics--differed from each other in some form. In each case, the c$/sp2$ and h$/sp2$ estimates were small to moderate for both light and heavy drinking behavior. Significantly nonshared effects were found for the White group for heavy drinking behavior. The gender pair analyses were similar to those by race. Each of the gender pairs--female-female, male-male, and opposite-sex--differed from each other in some form, and the c$/sp2$ and h$/sp2$ estimates were again small to moderate for light and heavy drinking. Significant nonshared effects were found for male pairs for both heavy and light drinking behavior. The results are presented in relation to earlier research findings. Additionally, implications and future directions are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Buster, Maury Allen. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Alcohol Use: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Oklahoma, 1997. DAI-B 58/02, p. 1019, August 1997.

2.	Buster, Maury Allen Rodgers, Joseph Lee
2.	Genetic and Environmental Influences on Alcohol Use: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data Journal of Biosocial Science 32,2 (April 2000): 177-189. Also: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9937&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0021932000001772 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Keyword(s): Adoption; Alcohol Use; Family History; Gender Differences; Genetics; Kinship; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Pairs (also see Siblings); Racial Differences; Risk-Taking; Self-Esteem; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Research designs to study alcohol use and abuse have included twin, adoption and family history/high risk studies. Results have consistently implied a genetic factor in the aetiology of alcohol abuse. However, less research has been conducted in search of environmental factors. This study uses kinship structure in a large national dataset (the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) to estimate (using DeFries-Fulker analysis) the extent of the shared genetic, non-shared genetic, shared environmental and non-shared environmental influences on alcohol use. The NLSY kinship sample contained 3890 pairs of cousins, half-siblings, full-siblings and twins between the ages of 14 and 21 in the initial year of the survey (1979). Estimates of heritability (h2) and shared environment (c2) were small to moderate for the entire dataset for both light drinking and heavy drinking behaviour, with h2 estimates slightly higher in each case. Non-shared genetic measures of self-esteem and locus of control accounted for a significant portion of the remaining variance in heavy drinking behaviour. Race and gender patterns showed c2 and h2 estimates that were also small to moderate for both light and heavy drinking behaviour. Significant non-shared effects were found for the White group for heavy drinking behaviour, and for male pairs for both heavy and light drinking behaviour. Additionally, implications and future directions are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Buster, Maury Allen and Joseph Lee Rodgers. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Alcohol Use: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data." Journal of Biosocial Science 32,2 (April 2000): 177-189.

3.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Beasley, William H. Bard, David E. Meredith, Kelly M. Hunter, Michael D. Johnson, Amber Buster, Maury Allen Li, Chengchang
3.	The NLSY Kinship Links: Using the NLSY79 and NLSY-Children Data to Conduct Genetically-Informed and Family-Oriented Research Behavior Genetics 46,4 (July 2016): 538-551. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10519-016-9785-3 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Behavior Genetics Association Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Data Quality/Consistency; Genetics; Height; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Kinship; Modeling, Multilevel; Siblings; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth datasets (NLSY79; NLSY-Children/Young Adults; NLSY97) have extensive family pedigree information contained within them. These data sources are based on probability sampling, a longitudinal design, and a cross-generational and within-family data structure, with hundreds of phenotypes relevant to behavior genetic (BG) researchers, as well as to other developmental and family researchers. These datasets provide a unique and powerful source of information for BG researchers. But much of the information required for biometrical modeling has been hidden, and has required substantial programming effort to uncover--until recently. Our research team has spent over 20 years developing kinship links to genetically inform biometrical modeling. In the most recent release of kinship links from two of the NLSY datasets, the direct kinship indicators included in the 2006 surveys allowed successful and unambiguous linking of over 94 % of the potential pairs. In this paper, we provide details for research teams interested in using the NLSY data portfolio to conduct BG (and other family-oriented) research.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee, William H. Beasley, David E. Bard, Kelly M. Meredith, Michael D. Hunter, Amber Johnson, Maury Allen Buster and Chengchang Li. "The NLSY Kinship Links: Using the NLSY79 and NLSY-Children Data to Conduct Genetically-Informed and Family-Oriented Research." Behavior Genetics 46,4 (July 2016): 538-551.

4.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Buster, Maury Allen
4.	Seasonality of Menarche Among U.S. Females: Correlates and Linkages In: Human Reproductive Ecology: Interactions of Environment, Fertility, Behavior. K. Campbell and J. Wood, eds. New York, NY: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 709, Number 1, February 18, 1994: p. 196. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30398.x/pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: New York Academy of Sciences Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Childbearing; Data Quality/Consistency; Genetics; Hispanics; Menarche/First Menstruation; Physical Characteristics; Rural/Urban Differences; Seasonality; Self-Esteem; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Papers presented at a conference held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 21-24 May, 1993 This paper documents a strong seasonal pattern in month of first menstruation among U.S. females, and searches for explanations of the pattern. Most previous research on seasonality of menarche has occurred using European data, where peaks have been observed in both summer and winter. Elevation, light, and urban/rural status have been suggested as possible explanatory variables. Frequencies of self-reported month of menarche are computed for 6000 women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. When these data were disaggregated by race, June/July remained the peak for menarche across Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. This consistent pattern begs for an explanation. Correlations between a menarche dummy variable and other variables from three different domains were computed: Physical characteristics, personality measures, and family characteristics. Several of these correlations were significantly different from 0, but none were large enough to be impressive. Kinship structure in the NLSY dataset were used to partition variability into genetic and shared environmental sources. In this analysis, females who were more closely related to one another were more likely to be similar in their menarche seasonality. In summary, the study documented a strong summer peak in first menstruation. Kinship patterns suggested a biological basis. Correlations with physical, personality, and family variables were trivially small.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee and Maury Allen Buster. "Seasonality of Menarche Among U.S. Females: Correlates and Linkages" In: Human Reproductive Ecology: Interactions of Environment, Fertility, Behavior. K. Campbell and J. Wood, eds. New York, NY: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 709, Number 1, February 18, 1994: p. 196.

5.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Buster, Maury Allen Rowe, David C.
5.	Genetic and Environmental Influences on Delinquency: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17,2 (June 2001): 145-168. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/t7n3h10664827068/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Family Environment; Family Influences; Genetics; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Siblings This paper follows earlier research (Rowe et al., 1992) in evaluating the basis of family influences on adolescent delinquent behavior. Delinquency is measured in a number of different ways to account for important theoretical distinctions that exist in the delinquency literature. We use recently identified kinship structure in a large national data set--the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth--to estimate genetic and shared environmental influences on self-reported delinquency scores. Our analytic model is based on DF analysis, a regression procedure used to estimate parameters reflecting genetic and environmental influence. Results suggest a consistent and moderate genetic basis to sibling similarity in delinquency and little evidence of a shared environmental basis. A large amount of variance is attributable to nonshared influences and/or measurement error. Our findings suggest that the search for environmental influences on adolescent delinquency should focus on those that are not shared by siblings.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee, Maury Allen Buster and David C. Rowe. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Delinquency: DF Analysis of NLSY Kinship Data." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17,2 (June 2001): 145-168.

6.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Rowe, David C. Buster, Maury Allen
6.	Nature, Nurture and First Sexual Intercourse in the USA: Fitting Behavioural Genetic Models to NLSY Kinship Data Journal of Biosocial Science 31,1 (January 1999): 29-41. Also: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=10230&jid=JBS&volumeId=31&issueId=01&aid=10229 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Cambridge University Press Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Intercourse; Genetics; Kinship; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Pairs (also see Siblings); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Self-Esteem; Sexual Experiences/Virginity; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Fisher (1930) presented both theoretical and empirical results concerning genetic influences on fertility. Since then, only sparse research has been done on the genetics of fertility, although more sophisticated methodogy and data now exist than were available to Fisher. This paper presents a behavioural genetic analysis of age at first intercourse, accounting for genetic, shared environmental, and selected non-shared environmental influences. The data came from the nationally representative National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). A newly developed kinship linking procedure was used that identifies links for cousins, half-siblings, full-siblings and twins in the NLSY. The results suggest a genetic influence in the overall dataset, and also among whites and in male–male and opposite-sex pairs. Genetic influences were extremely small or non-existent for blacks and for female–female pairs. Shared environmental influences were small for most subsets of the data, but moderate for female–female pairs. Two specific non-shared environmental influences – self-esteem and locus of control – were ruled out as accounting for any meaningful variance, although other general sources of non[hyphen]shared environmental influence appear potentially important. Analysis of selected samples from upper and lower tails suggested that genetic influences are important in accounting for both early and late non-virginity. These findings are consistent with work reported by Miller et al. (1999), who used molecular genetic methods. Generally, these findings support the existence of genetic influences and implicate non-shared environmental influences as being important determinants of the timing of loss of virginity among US adolescents and young adults.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee, David C. Rowe and Maury Allen Buster. "Nature, Nurture and First Sexual Intercourse in the USA: Fitting Behavioural Genetic Models to NLSY Kinship Data ." Journal of Biosocial Science 31,1 (January 1999): 29-41.

7.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Rowe, David C. Buster, Maury Allen
7.	Nature, Nurture, and First Intercourse: Fitting Behavior Genetic Models to NLSY Kinship Data Presented: New Orleans, LA, Meetings of the Population Association of America, May 1996 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Adoption; Age at First Intercourse; Contraception; Gender Differences; Genetics; Kinship; Modeling; Pairs (also see Siblings); Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Sexual Behavior; Siblings; Simultaneity Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Newcomer (1994) stated that "Partners, peers, parents (maybe even genes) and the community all influence [adolescent sexual] behavior" (p. 85). Udry and Campbell (1994) surveyed the literature and found only one small study that accounted for genetic influences on adolescent sexual behavior. Apparently, little research has been done to address the role that genetic influences play in various aspects of fertility behavior, or the tradeoff between genetic and environmental influences. Udry's work (e.g., Udry, 1988) suggests an important role of hormonal influences in both male and female sexual behavior, and biosocial models of adolescent sexuality are becoming increasingly popular (e.g., Hofferth, 1987; Rodgers & Rowe, 1993; Udry, 1988). Fisher's (1930) work raised doubts as to whether it would ever be fruitful to search for genetic influences on fertility behavior. Plomin, DeFries, and McClearn (1990), drawing on work by Fisher and Falconer (1981), explained that potential changes in relative fitness across generations due to a particular trait can be measured by the amount of additive genetic variance in that trait present in the population. They concluded that we should "expect heritability to be low for major components of fitness, such as fertility" (p. 285), and suggest that most genetic variance in such traits should be nonadditive. However, this expectation depends on a long enough period of time that traits with selective advantage can realize that advantage. Our investigation will treat age at first sexual intercourse in the U.S. population. During the past several centuries, there have been secular changes--both up and down--in the age at first intercourse. Furthermore, the development of reliable and widespread use of effective contraception must weaken the selective advantage offered by early onset of sexual behavior in societies with little or no contraceptive use. Such changes could certainly act to weaken the selective value of early onset of sexual activity. Given these changes, it is an important theoretical question to ask whether genes play a role in influencing onset of sexual behavior. At the same time, the role of environmental influences is also of particular interest and importance. Our modeling will simultaneously address the role of both types of influence. The data we will use to address the role of genetic and environmental influences on age at first intercourse come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (the NLSY), a national probability sample of households that started with approximately 12,000 youth aged 14-21 in 1979. To separate the contribution of genetic versus environmental influences requires data from different kinship levels (e.g., monozygotic versus dizygotic twins; adoptive siblings versus full siblings; etc.). Little of this type of information is contained explicitly in the NLSY, although the household structure of the NLSY data results in many kinship links being contained in the data. We have recently developed a linking algorithm (Rodgers, 1996) that uses several variables in the NLSY files to classify kinship pairs into adoptive, half, and full sibling, twin, and cousin pairs. We will use this kinship structure along with a recently developed regression procedure, DF Analysis, (DeFries and Fulker, 1985; Rodgers, Rowe & Li, 1993) to analyze variance in age at first intercourse into that attributable to genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental influences. Because patterns of sexual debut differ substantially across race and across genders, we will fit our models separately by these demographic categories.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee, David C. Rowe and Maury Allen Buster. "Nature, Nurture, and First Intercourse: Fitting Behavior Genetic Models to NLSY Kinship Data." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Meetings of the Population Association of America, May 1996.

8.	Rodgers, Joseph Lee Rowe, David C. Buster, Maury Allen
8.	Social Contagion, Adolescent Sexual Behavior, and Pregnancy: A Nonlinear Dynamic EMOSA Model Developmental Psychology 34,5 (September 1998): 1096-1113. Also: http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/34/5/1096/ Cohort(s): NLS General Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Fertility; Modeling; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Sexual Behavior Nonlinear dynamic modeling has useful developmental applications. The authors introduce this class of models and contrast them with traditional linear models. Epidemic models of the onset of social activities (EMOSA models) are a special case, motivated by J. L. Rodgers and D. C. Rowe's (1993) social contagion theory, which predict the spread of adolescent behaviors like smoking, drinking, delinquency, and sexuality. In this article, a biological outcome, pregnancy, is added to an earlier EMOSA sexuality model. Parameters quantify likelihood of pregnancy for girls of different sexuality statuses. Five different sexuality/pregnancy models compete to explain variance in national prevalence curves. One finding was that, in the context of the authors' simplified model, adolescent girls have an approximately constant probability of pregnancy across age and time since virginity. Copyright: 1995 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.
	Bibliography Citation Rodgers, Joseph Lee, David C. Rowe and Maury Allen Buster. "Social Contagion, Adolescent Sexual Behavior, and Pregnancy: A Nonlinear Dynamic EMOSA Model." Developmental Psychology 34,5 (September 1998): 1096-1113.

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